Practice papers Flashcards
Features of optic neuritis
MS / DM / Syphilis
RAPD
Red colour vision loss
pain worse on movement
central scotoma
How do you calculate osmolality
(2xNa+) + glucose + urea
What antibiotic is used for MRSA
Vancomycin
When should you avoid prescribing duloxetine
eGFR < 30
Why is TB incidence on the rise
HIV / AIDS prevelance
Immunosuppresive drugs
Poor socio-economic conditions
Increased immigration from areas of high prevalence
Multidrug resistance
3 orgnaisms that colonise lungs in CF
s pneumoniae
H influenza
Burkholderia cepacia
What is Pembertons test
facial congestion and cyanosis, as well as respiratory distress when arms are raised above head
Signs of IPF on CXR
Reticular shadowing
Reduced lung volume
4 RF for OSA
Acromegaly
Enlarged tonsils
Nasal polyps
Obesity
Alcohol
what is cor pulmonale
RHF due to chronic pulmonary hypertension
4 causes of BHL
TB
Lymphoma
Bornchial carinoma
Name 6 adverse effects of coricosteroids
Cushing syndrome
Osteoperosis
Retardation of growth
Thin skin + bruising
Immunosuppresion
Cataracts and glaucoma
Oedema
S
Thin gastric mucosa
Emotional disturbance
Rise in BP
Increase hair growth
DM
Striae
What is pleurodesis and what is used
Placing irritant into pleural space to stick visceral pleura to parietal pleura
Talc
Bleomycin
Tetracylin
triggers for asthma
Animals
Beta blockers / NSAIDs
cold air
dust
exercise
strong emotions
smoke
infection
Name 2 cardiac enzymes that rise folowing cardiac damage
troponin
CK
CK-MB
4 adverse effects of PCI
Bleeding
death
infection
MI
stroke
allergy to contrast
3 triggers for angina
cold weather
strong emotion
lying down
4 tests that can be used to investigate angina
ECG
Excercise ECG
Echo
coronary angiography
MOA of aspirin
Prevents platelet aggregation by reducing the production of thromboxane A2
MOA of furosemide
Loop diuretic
Inhibits Na/K/Cl2 co-transporter in thick ascending loop of henle
Hypotension
Na+/K+/Mg2+/Ca2+
Hyperglycaemia
Gout
Ototoxicity
MOA of bendroflumethizide
Thiazide
Inhibits Na/Cl channel in DCT
Na+/K+/Ca2+
Gout
Impaired glucose tolerance
Impotence
BMI Classifications
<18.5
18.5 - 24.9 - normal weight
25 - 29.9 - overweight
30.0-34.9 - Obesity
BMI Calculation
weight / h2
features of hypertensive retinopathy
silver wiring
AV nipping
flame hemorrhages
cotton wool spots
papilloedema
MOA of statin
Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis
Sx of AF + signs of AF
Palpitations
SOB
Chest pain
Irregular QRS complexes
Absence of P waves
Signs of AR
Collapsing pulse
wide pulse pressure
diplaced apex beat
Quincke’s sign - Nailbed
3 causes of gynaecomastia
Leydig cell tumour
Meds - digoxin / spirinolactone / GnRH agonists / antipsuchotics
Small cell lung cancer
