Practice of Medicine

Question 1

What is meningitis an inflammation of?

Answer 1

Membranes covering CNS

Question 2

How many women died from unsafe abortions in 2000?

Answer 2

80,000

Question 3

How can health exist in the face of adversity?

Answer 3

If people are connected, understand and manage and make sense of circumstances

Question 4

What causes red spots on the skin caused by meningitis?

Answer 4

Bleeding into the dermis

Question 5

What is housing in terms of health?

Answer 5

A social determinant

Question 6

What percentage of those with HIV reside in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Answer 6

70%

Question 7

What does surveillance medicine focus on?

Answer 7

Identifying biopsychosocial risk factors for disease

Question 8

How have rates of admissions and lengths of stay changed since the 1940s?

Answer 8

Admissions increased, lengths of stay decreased

Question 9

Where in the hospital have hospital beds increased in the past 30 years?

Answer 9

In day surgery

Question 10

What can challenge the boundaries of medical law?

Answer 10

Medical ethics

Question 11

How can the data from qualitative studies be generalised?

Answer 11

By use of concepts

Question 12

What is the most feared consequence of meningococcal septicaemia?

Answer 12

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 13

What is the nocebo effect?

Answer 13

Experiencing side effects to medically inert treatment

Question 14

What gives rights based morality meaning?

Answer 14

The law

Question 15

How many hospital beds does the UK have?

Answer 15

100,000-150,000

Question 16

How many cervical vertebrae do most mammals have?

Answer 16

7

Question 17

What is treating someone’s best interests?

Answer 17

Doing what they would have wanted if they had capacity to make the decision

Question 18

What is the likelihood that the true mean will lie ±2 standard errors from the sample mean?

Answer 18

95%

Question 19

Why are lengths of stay often shorter in the US than the UK?

Answer 19

More use of intermediate care services

Question 20

What is the widest interpretation of good health?

Answer 20

Encompassing our total planet diversity

Question 21

What can standard error be used to determine?

Answer 21

The likely population distribution

Question 22

What do developmental psychologists do?

Answer 22

Work to understand problems with social and cognitive functioning in old age

Question 23

What are medically unexplained symtpoms correlated with?

Answer 23

Psychiatric morbidity

Question 24

What do cohort studies look at?

Answer 24

Used to prospectively investigate risk factors for a disease

Question 25

What are cross-sectional studies used for?

Answer 25

Studying the prevalence of a disease

Question 26

What does qualitative research look at?

Answer 26

How social reality is subjectively perceived

Question 27

Where is health worst?

Answer 27

In countries with greater income inequality

Question 28

What happens at phase 0 of drug trials?

Answer 28

Basic scientific discovery

Question 29

What has happened to the number of hospital beds since 1985?

Answer 29

Halved

Question 30

What are patients over 75 waiting for discharge from acute care waiting for?

Answer 30

Residential care

Question 31

What is ideal speech according to communication theory?

Answer 31

Where people are free to say whatever they want

Question 32

How many people report having no symptoms over a 2 week period?

Answer 32

2%

Question 33

Which genes cause ectopic ribs?

Answer 33

HOX genes

Question 34

How does the Lancet define good health?

Answer 34

Ability to adapt to ones enviroment

Question 35

What kind of questionnaire would be used to determine the prevalence of adherence to a new drug?

Answer 35

Postal questionnaires

Question 36

What is a total institution?

Answer 36

One where all needs of a large number of people are catered for over long periods of time

Question 37

What is an issue for focus groups?

Answer 37

Confidentiality issues

Question 38

What do fossil records reveal about our evolution?

Answer 38

That we evolved from quadrupets

Question 39

What was the overall effect of asylums on health?

Answer 39

Negative since patients had little opportunity for indvidual decision making or privacy

Question 40

Who first described the biopsychosocial model of illness and health and when?

Answer 40

George Engel in the 1970s

Question 41

What is a risk factor for cervical ribs?

Answer 41

Higher incidence of childhood tumors

Question 42

What is the burden of health measured using?

Answer 42

DALYs

Question 43

What is the utilitisation delay?

Answer 43

Time taken from deciding you need treatment until when you seek it

Question 44

What is the most common type of meningitis in the UK?

Answer 44

Meningitis C

Question 45

What is a deontological judgement?

Answer 45

Judgement of an act rather than its causes

Question 46

What is the waiting time for a non-urgent hospital appointment?

Answer 46

4 months

Question 47

What may affect the validity of case-control studies?

Answer 47

Recall bias

Question 48

What was the life expectancy in 1841?

Answer 48

40 years

Question 49

What does standard deviation measure?

Answer 49

The variation of the mean

Question 50

What is a criticism of community care?

Answer 50

Those who used to end up in asylums are ow ending up in prisons

Question 51

What do cognitive neuropsychologists do?

Answer 51

Work on assessment and rehabilitation of people with brain injury

Question 52

When are drugs implemented into practice?

Answer 52

At phase 4

Question 53

What is a criticism of the biopsychosocial model of illness?

Answer 53

Psychosocial interventions tend to have weak affects on health

Question 54

What % of people describe themselves as not in good health?

Answer 54

10%

Question 55

What is a Lihert scale?

Answer 55

Where the options refer to how much someone agrees or disagrees with something

Question 56

What is considered the biggest threat to health currently?

Answer 56

Climate change

Question 57

When do the first clinical trials of drugs occur?

Answer 57

Phase 2

Question 58

Why were asylums closed?

Answer 58

New policy of community care and integration into society

Question 59

What must the person obtaining consent for a procedure be?

Answer 59

Qualified to carry out that procedure whether or not they will actually carry it out

Question 60

After referral for suspected cancer how quickly should the patient be seen ideally?

Answer 60

Within 2 weeks

Question 61

How do WHO define health?

Answer 61

Ability to realise aspirations, satisfy needs, change and cope with the enviroment

Question 62

What do health psychologists do?

Answer 62

Studies cognitive health behaviours which cause health behaviours

Question 63

What is the Hawthorne affect?

Answer 63

Changes in behaviour due to the awareness of being measured

Question 64

What kind of group is most likely to be used in qualitative research?

Answer 64

A focus group

Question 65

What proportion of new presentations to general practice can be accounted for by medically unexplained symptoms?

Answer 65

20%

Question 66

How can we prevent the spread of meningitis?

Answer 66

Tracing those who have come into close contact with an infected person

Question 67

Where do the bones of middle ear arise from?

Answer 67

The bones of the jaw

Question 68

What is the average number of symptoms felt over 2 weeks?

Answer 68

4

Question 69

What is the equation for standard error?

Answer 69

Standard deviation divided by the square root of sample size

Question 70

How many medicines are available in the average household?

Answer 70

10

Question 71

What happens at phase 3 of drug trials?

Answer 71

Double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trials

Question 72

How would you calculate the standard error for a proportion?

Answer 72

Square root of: [(proportion with x proportion without) divided by sample size]

Question 73

What is intention-to-treat analysis?

Answer 73

All patients are included in the study regardless of what happens after that point