Practice, feedback and psychological skills Flashcards
whole practice
whole practice learning all of the skill
part practice
part practice learning smaller parts of a skill in isolation
massed practice
there is little or no rest between repeat performances of a skill
Advantages and disadvantages of massed practice
Advantages- Maximises practice time, suits practising non-fatiguing, discrete skills, suits an elite, highly motivated performer
Disadvantages - Physically and mentally fatiguing, repetitious and monotonous
Distributed practice
smaller practice time intervals are interspersed with rest periods. This applies equally to both the practice schedule and the individual practice session.
Disadvantages and advantages of distributed practice
Advantage-Greater learner engagement
Assists beginner or less motivated performer
Reduction of mental and physical fatigue during practice
Disadvantage- more time consuming
Random practice
form of practice that involves rehearsing a number of different skills in an unpredictable sequence
Blocked practice
type of practice in which each skill component is practised repetitively as an independent block
Blocked practice best suits …… learners because ….
-Cognitive
- Little to no variability, attention is on executing the skill
Random practice best suits…. learners because ……
Associative and autonomous
-Variability
-Mimics game environment
What is feedback?
information concerning the performance and/or outcome of a movement skill, including information about errors and how to correct them
Intrinsic feedback
sensory information the learner receives directly from skill execution
Augmented feedback
information about a skill performance that comes from an external source
Knowledge of performance
feedback regarding how a skill is performed; assessing performance on the basis of process and skill technique
Knowledge of results
information about the outcome of skill performance; information regarding the relative success or failure in regard to the intended goal of the movement skill
At what stage of learning do you give the most feedback?
Cognitive
Why is giving too much feedback bad for an athlete?
They become dependent on the coach and therefore cannot self-detect and correct their own errors in performance
How does confidence effect athletes?
It helps athletes
-remain calm under pressure
-believe in themselves
-exhibit positive emotions
How does low arousal effect performance?
-Levels of motivations and intensity are low
How does optimal arousal effect performance?
Athletes perform at their best.
Level of preparedness and activation are optimal for the task at hand.
How does high arousal effect performance?
Performance deteriorates.
Athletes are anxious and make poor decisions.
Techniques to decrease arousal levels
- controlled breathing
-meditation
Advantages blocked practice
-facilitates skill improvement
-helps learner
develop confidence
- concentrate on the skill
Advantages of random practice
-more applicable to game
- variability
