Coaching to Enhance participation and perfomance Flashcards
What is the Cognitive stage of learning?
cognitive (understanding) stage of learning the initial phase of learning of a motor skill where the emphasis is on conscious understanding of the task requirements
What is the associative stage of learning?
associative (practice) stage of learning the second phase in the learning of a new skill, in which movement patterns become more refined and consistent through practice
What is the Autonomous stage of learning?
autonomous (automatic) stage of learning the final stage of learning in which the performer’s skill execution is almost automatic and requires very little of their attention
Characteristics of a cognitive learner…
-Frequent errors
-Unable to detect errors
-Learner’s attention is to understanding the skill
Coaching considerations for a cognitive learner….
-Don’t overload the learner with information
-Verbal instructions should be clear and concise
-Learner benefits from skill demonstrations
Characteristics of an associative learner….
-Fewer errors
-Beginning to detect errors
-Learner concentrates on skill refinement
Coaching considerations for an associative learner …
-Provide learner with opportunities to practice skill
-Assist the learner to detect errors and correct them
Characteristics of an autonomous learner …
-Performance is almost automatic
-Highly developed ability to self-detect and correct errors
-Greater tactical and strategic awareness
Coaching considerations for autonomous learner …
-Give precise and specific feedback
-Continue to challenge the learner
Examples of sociocultural infulences on skill development
Family, peers, community, gender, socioeconomic status, cultural beliefs and traditions
Direct coaching approach
-Skills learnt in isolation
-Explicit learning
-Closed environment
Explicit learning
learning that takes place as a result of direct instruction, where the performer is told what to do and when to do it
Advantages
of the direct approach
-Emphasis on developing textbook technique
-It provides a predictable/closed environment to assist the beginner skill learner
-Maximises practice time
-Keeps learner ‘on task’
-Effective in the early stages of learning
Disadvantages of the direct approach
-Learners become overly dependent on coach’s instructions for successful performance
-Does not develop decision-making skills
-Boring repetitious drills
Constraints based approach
Constraint-based coaching facilitates learning through manipulating constraints (task, individual and environment) to help the learner to find a movement skill solution.
-Implicit learning
individual constraints
-physical, psychological and behavioural characteristics of the individual performer eg. height, confidence, weight
Implicit learning
learnng through doing. The participants learn through completing a task.
Task constraint
relate to the defining characteristics of the activity or sport. Task constraints include the goal of the sport the rules of the sport and the equipment and facilities used in the sport (e.g. the dimensions of a soccer field and the size of the soccer ball).
Environmental constraint
characteristics of the environment in which the performance takes place. This includes physical characteristics (e.g. climate, the playing surface and stadium lighting) as well as social factors (e.g. the influence of peers and cultural norms)
Advantages of constraint-based approach
-Skills developed are applicable to the game environment
-Development of tactical/strategic awareness and decision-making skills
Motivating — participants empowered to find solutions
Disadvantages of constraint-based approach
-The cognitive-stage learner may become overwhelmed with rules, tactics and new skills
-Technical skills may lack refinement
