Acute physiological responses to exercise

Question 1

oxygen uptake (VO2)

Answer 1

-the amount of oxygen transported to, taken up by and used by the body for energy production

Question 2

maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max)

Answer 2

-the maximum amount of oxygen per minute that can be taken in, transported and utilised by the body for energy production

Question 3

Oxygen deficit

Answer 3

state in which there is a shortfall between oxygen supply and the oxygen needed to meet the energy requirements of the activity.

Question 4

Steady state

Answer 4

oxygen supply equals oxygen demand.

Question 5

As the intensity of exercise increases, there is an increase in ….

Answer 5

oxygen consumption.

Question 6

At the start of exercise, oxygen demand is … than supply.

Answer 6

Greater

Question 7

Does the aerobic resynthesis of ATP use oxygen?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Answer 8

the amount of oxygen consumed during the recovery period after the cessation of an exercise

Question 9

factors associated with the amount and duration of EPOC include:

Answer 9

elevated muscle temperature

increased use of mitochondria

increased ATP production

restoring CP stores

lactate production during exercise.

Question 10

Factors affecting maximum oxygen uptake

Answer 10

Age, body size, gender, genetics and fitness levels

Question 11

Acute responses of the cardiovascular system to exercise

Answer 11

Increased heart rate, stroke volume, blood pressure, cardiac output, arteriovenous oxygen difference and redistribution of blood flow to the working muscles

Question 12

Heart rate refers to…

Answer 12

number of times the heart contracts or beats per minute

Question 13

resting heart rate

Answer 13

The number of heart beats per minute while the body is at rest
- is around 60-70 bpm

Question 14

Maximal heart rate

Answer 14

the highest heart rate value achieved in an all-out effort to the point of exhaustion

Question 15

Stroke volume ( SV)

Answer 15

the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each beat (contraction) of the heart

Question 16

cardiac output (Q̇)

Answer 16

the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart per minute

Question 17

Blood pressure

Answer 17

blood pressure the pressure exerted by the blood against the arterial walls as it is forced through the circulatory system by the action of the heart

Question 18

systolic blood pressure

Answer 18

the blood pressure recorded as blood is ejected during the contraction phase of the heart cycle.

Question 19

diastolic blood pressure

Answer 19

the blood pressure recorded during the relaxation phase of the heart cycle. It is the lower of the two blood-pressure values.

Question 20

Vasodilation vs vasoconstriction

Answer 20

vasodilation-whereby blood vessels increase their internal diameter as a response to an increased demand for oxygen delivery to muscle tissue

vasoconstriction-where blood vessels narrow or constrict as a response to a decreased demand for oxygen delivery to muscle tissue

Question 21

Acute respiratory system responses include:

Answer 21

increased respiratory rate (breathing rate)

increased tidal volume

increased ventilation

increased pulmonary diffusion.

Question 22

respiratory rate

Answer 22

-the number of breaths taken per minute

Question 23

tidal volume (TV)

Answer 23

-the amount of air inspired and expired by the lungs per breath

Question 24

ventilation

Answer 24

the amount of air inspired or expired per minute by the lungs. Ventilation (V) = tidal volume (TV) × respiratory frequency (RF).

Question 25

pulmonary diffusion

Answer 25

the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration between the alveoli and the surrounding capillaries

Question 26

Pulmonary diffusion has two major functions

Answer 26

to replenish oxygen supply through diffusion from alveolar to pulmonary capillaries to remove carbon dioxide from returning venous blood.

Question 27

Product of increased muscle metabolism due to exercise is ...

Answer 27

Carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions

Question 28

Acute muscular response to exercise

Answer 28

-increased motor unit and muscle fibre recruitment -increased arteriovenous oxygen difference -increased muscle temperature -increased muscle enzyme activity -increased oxygen use -decreased muscle substrate levels (ATP, creatine phosphate, glycogen and triglycerides) -Increased ATP production in the mitochondria -Increased transport of oxygen by myoglobin