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Pharmacology 100 > practice exams > Flashcards

practice exams Flashcards

1
Q

LD(50)

A

median lethal dose

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2
Q

Selective toxicity

A

injury of one kind of living matter without harming some other kind

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3
Q

Parenteral Route

A

route such that gastrointestinal tract is bypassed

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4
Q

Anti-metabolite

A

chemical that antagonizes the action of a substance that is required for metabolism of an organism

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5
Q

The ultra-short duration of action of thiopental is due to:

A

Redistribution of the drug from the brain to muscle and fat

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6
Q

Therapeutic index of a drug is

A

LD(50)/ED(50)

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7
Q

Efficacy of a drug is best described as

A

maximal effect that can be obtained with a drug

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8
Q

Reason for selective toxicity of sulfanilimide

A

Susceptible bacteria synthesizes folic acid from para-aminobenzoic acid while host cells do not use folic acid

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9
Q

The function of the cerebellum

A

coordination and posture

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10
Q

The primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain is

A

glutamate

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11
Q

The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain is

A

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

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12
Q

Psychological dependence on a drug

A

emotional and mental preoccupation with the drugs effect and persistent craving

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13
Q

phenobarbital

A

long-acting barbiturate

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14
Q

actions of secobarbital

A

can produce a full spectrum of dose dependent CNS depression

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15
Q

which agent is used in the treatment of psychic dependence of heroin?

A

methadone

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16
Q

methadone is specifically useful in the treatment of

A

opioids

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17
Q

Cocaine

A

blocks reuptake of dopamine

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18
Q

Amphetamines

A

release dopamine from neurons

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19
Q

Nicotine

A

blocks reuptake of acetylcholine - high dependence liability

20
Q

Caffeine

A

blocks adenosine receptors

21
Q

phenoziazines

A

psychosis

22
Q

barbiturites

A

epilepsy

23
Q

Lithium

A

Depression - stabilizing norepinephrine activity by normalizing NE release, uptake, and action on NE receptors

24
Q

phenytoin

A

epilepsy

25
Q

which drug can correct a deficit of seratonin in the CNS?

A

Methamphetamine - releases transmitters from the sympathetic nerve endings

26
Q

Imipramine

A

tricyclic antidepressant, blocks reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into presynaptic axon, overdosage can be lethal, promotes longer sojourn of norepinephrine and serotonin at the receptor site

27
Q

Decrease in which neurotransmitter contributes to symptoms of depression?

A

serotonin

28
Q

Ethanol produces:

A

CNS effects to the blood ethanol concentration, disinhibition at low dose by depressing inhibitory control of the brains cerebral cortex and motor pathways, vasodilation of skin blood vessels at low dose, decreased myocardial contractility at high dose

29
Q

Order of CNS dose dependent depression by alcohol:

A

disinhibition - sedation - hypnosis - general anesthesia - coma

30
Q

CNS depression by alcohol can be increased by which of the following..

A

antihistamine

31
Q

Which receptor does the active ingredient in cannabis bind to?

A

CB1

32
Q

Which mechanism leads to the therapeutic action of nifedipine in angina?

A

blockade of calcium channels in blood vessels

33
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

when taken sublingually, therapeutic effects last for about 20-30 min, relaxes smooth muscle, Two percent nitroglycerin ointment, when applied to skin produces measurable plasma levels of nitroglycerin for at least 3hrs, nitroglycerin is converted in blood vessels to nitric oxide - causes relaxation of blood vessels

34
Q

Which mechanism leads to the therapeutic action of lovastatin?

A

Inhibition of the rate controlling enzyme in cholesterol synthesis

35
Q

Cholesterol

A

component of cell membranes, used for synthesis of sex hormones and vitamin D, packaged for transport in the blood as a component of various lipoproteins, it only endangers health if the concentration in the blood is elevated above normal

36
Q

What is the target for the bactericidal action of Penicillin G?

A

cell walls

37
Q

Which penicillin is resistant to the action of penicillinase?

A

Cloxacillin

38
Q

Over-the-counter sleeping aids usually contain

A

pyrilamine (antihistamine) and acetaminophen

39
Q

Side effects associated with long-term use of laxatives

A

disturbances in the physiological acid/base balance, obstructive jaundice, a gastrointestinal tract dependent on laxatives, dehydration

40
Q

the most rational treatment for travellers diarrhea is

A

loperamide (imodium)

41
Q

echinacea

A

common cold

42
Q

valerian

A

herbal - mild sedative/hypnotic

43
Q

The use of amphetamines by athletes

A

often results in less than 5% increase in athletic performance

44
Q

Mifepristone, used to induce abortions, best described as a

A

antiprogestin

45
Q

Most efective method of contraception

A

tubal ligation

46
Q

Norplant (L- norgestral) is best described as a

A

progestin

Pharmacology 100 (9 decks)

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