Drugs Used in Sports

Question 1

What type of drugs reduce pain and inflammation?

Answer 1

local anesthetics, narcotics, corticosteroids

Question 2

What type of drugs increase endurance and speed?

Answer 2

amphetamines, blood agents

Question 3

What type of drugs increase strength?

Answer 3

Anabolic steroids

Question 4

Historically, which type of drugs are most abused in this context?

Answer 4

amphetamines, anabolic steroids

Question 5

What is masking?

Answer 5

When athletes take a naturally occurring drug that might interfere with the steroid to mask the detection of the steroid - doesn’t work

Question 6

What is stacking?

Answer 6

When athletes take multiple types of anabolic steroids, but only a portion of a full dose from each (so total amount taken is one full dose). The athlete can stop taking the drug e.g 5 days before an event rather than 10 days before so system will not detect the drugs.

Question 7

What is pyramiding?

Answer 7

When athletes build up the dose of steroid and then taper it off closer to the event as to not be detected.

Question 8

What is doping control/how is it done?

Answer 8

Detecting performance enhancing drugs e.g steroids - by measuring drug in urine or relating to endogenous factors - e.g low testosterone shows steroid use..

Question 9

What did ancient greeks use and what did aztecs use as performance enhancing drugs?

Answer 9

greeks - stimulants e.g before battle - aztecs - ate heart of human e.g before war

Question 10

What did Belgian racers use as performance enhancing drugs?

Answer 10

sugar cubes dipped in ether

Question 11

What did early 1900s racecar drivers use as performance enhancing drugs?

Answer 11

brandy and cocaine

Question 12

What drug has been used historically in long distance running?

Answer 12

Strychnine

Question 13

What does propanolol do?

Answer 13

alters heart rate

Question 14

Why is data of steroid use hard to obtain?

Answer 14

athletes/people won’t admit to it

Question 15

What do amphetamines do/toxicities?

Answer 15

Increase heart rate/bloop pressure - could be serious or fatal if dose too high, CNS excitation

Question 16

What is a well known designer amphetamine?

Answer 16

modafinil - amphetamine-like response, less jitteriness, appeared in 2003 olympic trials

Question 17

Which are the most common sports in which anabolic steroids are used?

Answer 17

heavy sports- football, weight lifting, wrestling, running precision sports - gymnastics

Question 18

what do u need for steroids to work?

Answer 18

amino acids! high protein diet

Question 19

What comes out of an androgenic response?

Answer 19

Secondary sex characteristics

Question 20

What does an anabolic response do?

Answer 20

Promote growth and muscle development

Question 21

Why was there little to no effect shown in trials for anabolic steroids?

Answer 21

Athletes use 20-200 times larger dose than therapeutic dose, also could have motivational response and other effects in real situation

Question 22

What is the effect of anabolic steroids on an athlete from early studies?

Answer 22

Increased weight lifted load, shorter recovery between training sessions, anticatabolic effect

Question 23

What are toxicities of anabolic steroids? (men)

Answer 23

Reduced testosterone, reduced sperm production, altered liver function (hepatis, liver failure, liver cancer), gynecomastia, changes in libido, mood swings, aggression “roid rage”

Question 24

What are toxicities of anabolic steroids in women?

Answer 24

Irreversible: Increase in facial/body hair
deeper voice
coarser skin
enlarged clitoris

Reversible: amenorrhea
inc. libido
aggression
acne