Practice Exam Flashcards
______ is associated with the loss of impulse control and overreaction to stimuli that does not usually provoke a reaction.
Roid Rage
Human parental caregiving also depends on cultural norms, practices based on short and long-term family goals generating top-down processes requiring the participation of subcortical areas.
False
Hormones interact with the expression of genes on the “Y” and “X” chromosomes in determining the differences between males and females.
True
The social behavior neural network (SBNN), interconnected brain areas, mediate ______.
Social behaviors
The steroids hormone cortisol are produced in the ______.
Adrenal gland
Females with a CHA genetic disorder that affects the adrenal gland’s ability to produce cortisol display masculinized genitals and behavior.
True
What is the name for behavioral interactions between individuals of the same species that are beneficial to one or more individuals of the species?
Social behaviors
Differences in brain structures between homosexual and heterosexual men have been found.
True
In 2010, neuroscientist Kiehl performed an fMRI of convicted murderer Brian Dugan’s brain to find out if it showed abnormalities that would support a profile of uncontrollable emotions for criminal defense; the first case in the United States to use brain scan as evidence.
False
Emotional expression is the ______ behaviors that accompany emotions.
Covert or overt
In nature, aggressive behavior is adaptive as it provides a means for species to protect their young and territory as well as to fight over food or mates and for maintaining social hierarchies.
True
An example of impulsive aggression resulting from perceived threat might be ______.
Ambushing
Emotions are automatic physiological, behavioral and cognitive reaction to ______.
External or internal events
High levels of cortisol combined with ______ of testosterone results in fear and withdrawal.
Low levels
The Klüver-Bucy Syndrome is symptomatic ______and flattened emotions following the removal of the temporal lobes.
Loss of fear
In behavioral science, premise of the two most typical types of aggression, ______ is the most harmful.
Instrumental
Sensitization occurs because sensitizing stimuli increase levels of arousal with higher levels of intensity and lower the response threshold to other stimuli.
True
Learning can be defined as the mechanism or process by which ______ is acquired through experience.
New information
The change in the strength of synapses that occurs as result of a single experience is activity-dependent synaptic plasticity.
False
Muller and Pilzecker’s rat shock-train experiment observation strongly indicate new memories require a period of consolidation before moving to a more permanent form.
True
Memory takes many forms and the different forms of memories are processed by different memory systems in the brain.
True
______ is thought to take place at the cellular and systems levels in the transition of short-term to long-term storage.
Memory consolidation
Memories must undergo systems consolidation to be stored in long-term memory and this process takes place over time period of ______.
Days to years
A decrease in response to a stimulus with its repeated occurrence is ______.
Habituation
People with locked-in syndrome are paralyzed and are unable to speak but in assessments clearly show ______.
Cognitive functioning
Libet and Soon’s research findings suggest that motor actions may be the product of unconscious brain processes that ______ the conscious decision to act.
Precede
Patients in unresponsive wakefulness go through normal sleep/wake cycles
True
The lack of a sound scientific explanation of how neural mechanisms are linked to subjective experience has been called the ______ by philosopher Joseph Levine.
Explanatory gap
Attention on features of objects include, color, shape, and ______.
Direction of motion
On the Glasgow coma scale a patient is considered to be in a coma if their score is ______.
= 8/15
When asked to copy drawings of objects, unilateral neglect patients typically, only copy one side of the objects.
True
The gene-environment interactions study between genetic inheritance and environmental factors surprisingly indicate that identical twins genetics accounts for ______ of having a disorder if one of the two has a genetic predisposed disorder.
Group of answer choices
48%
Research in anxiety disorder has found that anxiety is related to at least ______ functional networks of brain areas.
4
Anxiety disorders give rise to ______ avoidance and escapist tendencies.
Abnormally strong
Obsessive thought disorder can result in a person feeling compelled to complete a specific ______ to avoid calamity.
Ritual
From research finding the neurotransmitter ______ is involved in anxiety and important for regulating mood and is the target of many anti-depressant drugs.
Serotonin
Disorganized behavior, which refers to behavior that is bizarre or unusual is an example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia.
False
Major depressive disorder is characterized by a sad mood accompanied by a ______ in usual activities.
Loss of pleasure
The prisoner dilemma tests one’s decision process in making a decision related cooperation and is a question of ______.
To trust or not to trust
______ state that our cognitive processing refers an innate module that specializes in theory of mind within the brain when trying to attribute mental states to others.
Modularity Theories
Pain is regulated through activation processing of ______ brain region.
Right ventral prefrontal cortex (RVPFC)
The ______ of pain relates to the perceived unpleasantness of the pain-inducing stimulus and involves the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).
Affective dimension
The ______ posits that theory of mind is dependent on our ability to inhibit our own thoughts and behavior (inhibitory control) and inhibit taking our own perspective when trying to attribute mental states to others.
Executive theory
______ states that a theory of mind is achieved through our ability to put ourselves in a person’s mental “shoes” and imagine (“simulate”) what we would experience in a similar situation thus attributing mental states to others.
Simulation theories
Research has concluded that self-awareness depends on a network of brain areas in the center of the brain known as the ______ structures.
Cortical midline
Psychologist Gallup developed a test designed to find out whether animals were self-aware. This test became known as the ______.
Social test
A protein known as the sex-determining region ______ is the protein that causes the fetus to produce male gonads and to inhibit the formation of female gonads.
Y protein
Early research by physiologist Berthold produced data evidence that indicated male species testicles produced substance that influenced physical and ______ development.
Behavioral
Melanocorticoids, which regulate sodium and potassium levels, also regulate levels of androgens such as ______.
Testosterone
Infants born with insufficient levels of thyroxine will suffer intellectual deficiency unless it is administered to them shortly after birth.
True
The most obvious difference in brain structures between males and females is the size of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the pre-optic area (SDN-POA) of the ______.
Hypothalamus
Cortisol released in stress response gives the body a burst of energy by preventing glucose from being stored, thus making more of it available to the muscles, while shutting down processes that are ______.
Not essential
Emotional experience comprises the ______ that identify and organize particular emotions.
Labels
In nature, aggressive behavior is adaptive as it provides a means for species to protect their young and territory as well as to fight over food or mates and for maintaining social hierarchies.
True
Impulsive aggression is emotion-driven and associated with high levels of physiological arousal in humans resulting in defensiveness to being provoked, threatened, or attacked.
True
From observation of the prototypical emotional disturbances after damage to the prefrontal cortex in Phineas Gage’s iron rod through skull accident, it was determined that the ______ process was impaired.
Decision making
Papez’s identified brain structures of hypothalamus and cingulate cortex in his circuit explanation of express and experience of emotion was updated by the work of McLean wherein he added the brain areas of amygdala, septum, and ______ to the loop processing network.
Prefrontal cortex
A type of hostile social behavior aimed at inflicting damage or harm to others is the simple definition for ______ behavior.
Aggressive
One of the oldest theories of emotions is known as the James-Lange theory.
True
______ model theory is the idea that the hippocampus is always involved in the storage and retrieval of memories.
Multiple-trace
In habituation, an organism learns that a stimulus does not predict any event that presents a threat to its survival, and that it can dispense from responding to it.
True
Repeated experience results in change in the ______ of synapses in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity procedures.
Strength
