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Philosophy III (Rachael) > Practice exam > Flashcards

Practice exam Flashcards

1
Q

viscerosomatic reflex hypothesis

A

visceral afferent nerve impulses reflexively cause somatic problems through the mechanism of anterior horn cell facilitation

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2
Q

neurodystrophic/neuroimmune hypothesis

A

the subluxation can lead to lowered tissue resistance and comporomise the body’s ability to adapt to microorganisms

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3
Q

somatopsychic hypothesis

A

subluxations can affect mental state and the emotions

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4
Q

psychogenic hypothesis

A

mental stress can cause subluxations through postural changes, diaphgrams tension and other neurologic effects

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5
Q

nerve compression hypothesis

A

distortion of the IVF causes mechanical compression, stretch, traction, or torsion of spinal nerves or nerve roots with subsequent injury and dysfunction

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6
Q

somatoautonomic/somatovisceral reflex hypothesis

A

the subluxation can involve facilitation of alteral horn cells, leading to visceral dysfunction via latered sympathetic innervation

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7
Q

somatosomatic/somatomotor insufficiency hypothesis

A

articular alterations and nociceptive signals from subluxated motion segments cause dysafferentation to the spinal cord, disrupting normal postural muscle tone, and reflexively disturbing other somatic functions as well

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8
Q

axoplasmic aberration hypothesis

A

neurotrophic support can be adversely afected by the disruption of axoplasmic transport mechanisms

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9
Q

vertebrobasilar arterial insufficiency hypothesis

A

cervical subluxations can cause vascular insufficiency to the brain by direct arterial compression

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10
Q

spinal cord compression/myelopathy hypothesis

A

upper cervical misalignments can cause stress to the spinal cord

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11
Q

which structures are affected first by the very slight amounts of compression of the contents of the IVF

A

veins and lymphatic vessels

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12
Q

the vertebrobasilar arterial insufficiency hypothesis is based on what proposed mechanism?

A

subluxations of the cervical segments can cause direct pressure on the vertebral arteries, obstructing the lumen of the vessels and causing a loss of blood flow to the brain

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13
Q

the axoplasmic aberration hypothesis is the suggestion that…?

A

axoplasmic transport may be altered in certain cases in which the spinal nerve roots are compressed or irritated by the intervertebral subluxation

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14
Q

within the IVF there is a connective tissue sructure which divides the iVF into compartments, and therefore limits the ability of other IFT components to avoid compression trauma. what is it?

A

transforaminal ligament

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15
Q

the neurodystrophic hypothesis is the concept that..

A

neural dysfunctions lowers the resistance of the body to infectious agents

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16
Q

why are vins and lymphatic vessels important structures in the trophic models of subluxation?

A

they are more quickly affected by compression than other IVF components

17
Q

one of Korr’s contributions to the knowledge base concerning the nature of the subluxation was his work in the area of..

A

axoplasmic transport and neurotrophic effects

18
Q

which is one of the trophic models of subluxation complex?

A

intraneural microcirculation ischemia

19
Q

sleep disturbances, emotional changes and symptoms of altered cognitive function as a refult of subluxation effects are among the ffects explained by the ___hypothesis

A

somatopsychic

20
Q

what is the name of the hypothesis that decreased cerebral blood flow due to several subluxation effects can cause “hibernation” of certain brainbunction?

A

cerebral dysfunction theory

21
Q

ischemic conditions affecting nerves tend to first cause..

A

hyperirritability

22
Q

a patient experiences a recurrent spinal subluxation associated with an overuse inflammation of tendons at the eblow. What hypothesisi explains the possible mechanism involved?

A

somatosomatic reflex

23
Q

a child with chronic relapsing ear infections experiences much better health, and a decrease in the frequency and severity of infections after receiving chiropractic care. What hypothesis is used to explain this experience?

A

neurodystrophic

24
Q

a patient experiences significant emotional stress that is found to cause a frequent recurrence of subluxations. what hypothesis applies to this situation?

A

psychogenic or psychosomatic

25
Q

what level of care does Dr. Strang consider to be the “ideal” in chiropractic practice?

A

chiropractors attempt to resore normal structure and function by reducing, stabilizing or correcting subluxation complexes; they also work with patients in preventing the occurrance or recurrence of subluxations

26
Q

how can chronic mental stress be a factor in the cause or perpetuation of subluxation complexes?

A

chronic diaphragm hypertonicity can cause biomecahnical alterations in teh lumbar spine, including fixation
the resulting visceral pathology can be a source of viscerosomatic dysafferentation
chronic postural distortion due to negative “body language”

27
Q

the “loeser pain hierarchy” illustrates what concept relating to subluxations?

A

‘Pain behavior’ can persist after tissue healing has taken place

28
Q

what is a mechanism by which a person who has a major surgery might sevelop a subluxation complex afterward?

A

patient positioning under anesthesia causes mechanical injury to joints and/or nerves
nociceptive input from surgically traumatized tissues produces a somatomotor response
the subconscious mind of the patient might be affected by negative statements made by the surgeon during the operation

29
Q

how can exercise help prevent subluxations?

A

strengthen and balance postural muscles
improve spinal joint motion
help lower overall SNS “tone”

30
Q

T/F a nerve undergoing compression stress may temporarily demonstrate reduced axoplasmic flow characteristics, while continuing to conduct impulses normally

A

true

31
Q

T/F a person with a job that involves repetitive motions or positions that are habitual will be less likely to develop subluxations than a person whose work hapits involve constantly varied activity

A

false

32
Q

T/F a long-time cigarette smoker may show evidence of an upper thoracic subluxation complex possibly through the mechanism of the viscerosomatic reflex

A

true

33
Q

T/F if a person has never suffered an accident or fall, it is not likely that the chiropractor will find evidence of subluxation complex in that person

A

false

34
Q

T/F the causes of subluxation include mechanical, chemical, and metnal forms of stress

A

true

35
Q

T/F D.D. Palmer believed that the toxins in food, drink, medications could cause spinal subluxations

A

true

36
Q

T/F gravity can be considered to be a continuous microtraumatic stress that can be a factor in causing subluxations

A

true

37
Q

T/F the patient’s emotional state doesn’t have an effet on the response to adjustments, or the ability to maintain corrections

A

false

38
Q

T/F moderate general exercise is one factor that can help prevent the occurence of subluxation complexes

A

true

39
Q

T/F chiropractic care has been reported to help certain patients with insomnia, and emotional disorders such as neuroses.

A

true

Philosophy III (Rachael) (4 decks)

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