Part 2 Flashcards
What are the 5 parts of the biomechanical models?
spinal/vertebral misalignment spinal fixation kinetics and concepts of kinesiopathology subluxation degeneration conceptual models of degeneration
describe spinal/vertebral misalignment
part of the biomechanical model
partial dislocation, common entity
caused by: postural stress, trauma, IVD degeneration, arthritis, autoimmune diseases, congenital and developmental factors
what is static/basic compensatory distortion?
part of the biomechanical model
effects on gravitational strain on skeleton and posture in and upright state
if the pelvis is unleveled, then the rest of the spine could be unleveled. This is part of what model/hypothesis?
biomechanical
which vertebra are more exposed to stress and predisposed to injury?
Occ-C1-C2, C4, C7-T1, T7&8, T11-12, L3
normalizing posture and improves function and health, which model/hypothesis is this a part of of?
biomechanical hypothesis/model
statics
biomechanical model
branch of mechanics that deal with equilibrium of bodies at or in motion with no acceleration
what is spinal fixation?
hypomobility, soft tissue changes, abberent neural reflexes, neurologic fixation
what can spinal fixation be due to?
adhesion in synovial joints meniscoid entrapment/interarticular phenomena IVD degeneration and fragmentation postural muscle hypertonicity/spasm inflammation and edema in facet joint
kinetics
biomechanical model/hypothesis
study of forces on the body and changes that are produced in the motion of the body
compensation reaction
hypomobilty in a motion that leads to hypermobility other places
kinetics and concepts/kinesiopathology
change in central axis of motion
loss of joint end play
positional dyskonesia
conceptual models of degeneration
biomechanical models/hypotheses
inflammation/immobilzation
IVF encroachment/DRG irritation neurological models
name the parts of the neurologic models/hypotheses
Nerve and NR compression traction/torsion
DRG compression/traction
spinal cord compression/traction (myelopathy)
somatosomatic hypothesis
somatovisceral hypothesis
viscerosomatic hypothesis
describe nerve and nerve root compression/traction/torsion
neurologic model/hypothesis
distortion/ IVF can cause mechanical compression of spinal nerve or spinal NR with neural injury and dysfunction
mechanical stresses can cause traction and torsion of spinal nerve with neural injury and dysfunction
gives rise to symptoms in other parts of the body as well as adhesions
may cause spontaneous neural discharges
Korr
describe DRG compression/tractions
neurologic models/hypothesis
compression can cause neural dysfunction
become hyperexcitable and give rise to neural discharges
DRGs and NRs can be 5x more sensitive to compressive forces
describe spinal cord compression/traction
neurologic models/hypothesis
cervical subluxation can cause neural canal stenosis to compress spinal cord with neural injury and dysfunction
dorsal columns are particularly sensitive
grostic
somatosomatic hypothesis
neurologic models/hypothesis
somatic afferent bombardment of dorsal horn, leading to somatic efferents (spasm, pain, equilibrium, distortion, hypomobility, misalignment)
tends to be self sustaining
seaman, carrick
somatovisceral hypothesis
neurologic model/hypothesis
somatic afferent bombardment due to subluxation that can cause facilitation of lateral horn and can lead to visceral dysfunction
meric approach
what things are thought to be caused by the somatovisceral hypothesis?
colic, increased BP, urinary output, enuresis, gastric acidity and motility, pituitary circulation, anemia, blood sugar levels, asthma, coronary arteriospasm, pupillary diameter, migraine, dysmenorrhea
viscerosomatic hypothesis
neurologic model
visceral afferent bombardment from body organs can cause typical referred pain patterns, can cause or predispose spinal levels to VSC through interneural connections on the anterior horn
facilitation of the anterior horn and resulting somatic effects can result from chemical stressors present in food, drink, atmospherer and medications
somatic dysafferentation
increased nociceptive afferent impulses from somatic omponents of motion segments in combination with decreased proprioceptive impulses, primarily from mechanoreceptors
sympatheticotonia and dysautonomia
role in immune function, TH1 and TH2 responses; reduced cortical summation due to subluxation
dysinhibition/sympathetic division
