Practice exam 2 '20 Flashcards
Which scientist used flasks like the one pictured (schwann neck) here to disprove the spontaneous generation of microbes
Pasteur
which scientist coined the word “cell” to describe what he saw while viewing cork with his microscope
hooke
what property of a light microscope is most directly affected by the wavelength of light used
resolution
where would you expect to find the peptidoglycan layer of a gram negative bacterium
outside of the outer membrane
which of these statements is NOT true of bacterial flagella
a. they are made of many different proteins
b. they use a charge gradient for energy
c. they cause the cell to move by waving back and forth
d. they are not surrounded by a membrane sheath
a. they are made of many different proteins
what sort of microbial cell would be most likely to contain tetraether lipids
archea
which group of protozoa includes the pathogen, Balantinium coli
sarcodina
what are the sexual spores of Penicillium chrysogenum
ascospores
what is the chemical composition of the plant pathogens called viroids
RNA only
what is the causitive agent of “mad cow disease”?
prion
what process do prokaryotic cells use to divide
binary fission
which of these sequences arranges the stages of bacterial growth into the correct order
- stationary phase
- death phase
- log phase
- lag phase
4 lag phase, 3 log phase, 1 stationary phase, 2 death phase
if you have 5000 bacteria with a doubling time of 15 minutes, how many will you have after one hour of growth under optimal conditions
8,000
Which of these sequences arranges the steps in endospore formation into the correct order
- coat synthesis
- cortex synthesis
- engulfment of the forespore
- asymmetric septum formation
4 asymmetric septum formation, 3, engulfment of the forespore, 2 cortex synthesis, 1 coast synthesis
where would you expect to find dipicolinate in a bacterial endospore
core
what sort of growth is exemplified by the thioglycollate tube to the right (thin layer at very top of liquid then thicker layer below, separate from one another)
obligate aerobe
what type of microbe exhibits optimal growth at 120 degrees celcius
extreme thermophile
what term refers to organisms that get their carbon from CO2
autotroph
which of these sequences arranges the steps in glycolysis into the correct order
- energy is captured to make a “profit”
- ATP is used to phosphorylate a sugar
- a six carbon sugar is cut in half
- energy is captured to break even
2 ATP is used to phosphorylate a sugar, 4 energy is captured to break even, 3 a six carbon sugar is cut in half, 1 energy is captured to make a profit
what is the net yield of atp from the Entner Doudoroff pathway
one
how many total CO2 are produced from one glucose during aerobic respiration in Escherichia coli
six
What sort of reaction metabolic reaction does the polymerization of glucose into starch represent
catabolic
what is the composition of most biological catalysts
protein
what sort of chemical reaction is illustrated to the right (substrates, increase in energy then decrease in energy for the products to a level lower than the substrates)
exergonic
what type of reaction is this: Acetyl-P + ADP yields Acetate + ATP
substrate level phosphorylation
what is the maximum number of ATP that can be generated during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
38
what sort of process uses nitrate (NO2) as a terminal electron acceptor
anaerobic respiration
how many atp can be maximally formed from one NADH
3
where would you find the ATPase in bacteria cell
cytoplasmic membrane
what is the terminal electron acceptor for a fermentation reaction
organic molecule
what sort of process is this: FAD + 2H + 2e- yields FADH2
oxidation
As ____ pass through a respiratory chain, ___ are pumped out of the cell
electrons, protons
which of these is the best electron acceptor
O2
a flavoprotein can accept _____
both protons and electrons
which of the following performs oxygenic photosynthesis
cyanobacteria
which of the following must perform reverse electron transport to generate NADH
purple sulfur bacteria
what part of the oxygenic photocycle is similar to that of the green sulfur bacteria
photosystem I
what protein do some halophilic archaea use to capture light energy
bacteriorhodopsin
what is the main reason that cycads form associations with cyanobacteria
the bacteria provide nitrogen to the plant
what is a common end product of anoxygenic photosynthesis
nitrogen
what eukaryotic organelle do cyanobacteria most resemble
chloroplast
what phenomenon is associated with epizootic cyanobacteria
green polar bears
which of the following microbes is NOT normally used directly as food by humans red algae bacteria fungi brown algae
bacteria
what is the air-water interface called in a marine environment
euphotic zone??? neuston???
what enzyme contains FeMoCo at its active site
ATPase
which of these sequences arranges the steps in wastewater treatment into the correct order
- release into the environment
- remove solid debris by settling
- eliminate pathogens
- eliminate organic compounds by microbial action
remove solid debris by settling, eliminate organic compounds by microbial action, eliminate pathogens, release into the environment
what erm best refers to contamination of ground water with excess nutrients
eutrophication
Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter are two bacteria that are involved in what portion of the nitrogen cycle
nitrification
which elemental cycle does not contain a gaseous phase
phosphorus
which of the following products is generated aerobically by microbes
butanol
