Practice DD exams

Question 1

Which complements are anaphylaxatoxins?

Answer 1

C3a and C5a

- lead to histamine release from mast cells

Question 2

Which type of stroke is associated w/ acute tubular necrosis and DIC?

Answer 2

exertional heat stroke

not classical

Question 3

What is metaplasia?

Answer 3

Replacement of 1 cell type w/ another

Question 4

necrosis in the spleen common with which type of necrosis?

Answer 4

liquefactive

• brain too

Question 5

fat necrosis typically in which organ?

Answer 5

pancrease

Question 6

Which chemical mediator is associated with fever and an acute phase reaction?

Answer 6

Tumor necrosis factor

Question 7

Arachadonic acids are precursors for which lipids when using COX?
When using 5’-lipoxygenase?

Answer 7

Cox

• Prostaglandins
• prostacyclins
• thromboxanes

5’ lipoxygenase:
- Leukotrienes

Question 8

Is platelet activating factor associated w/ fever and an acute phase reaction?

Answer 8

No.

Tumor necrosis factor

Question 9

How is leukotriene produced from arachadonic acid?

Answer 9

AA –>
5-HPETE via (5’-Lipoxygenase) –>
LTA4 (leukotriene A4) –>
LTB4 or LTC4/D4/E4

Question 10

Does platelet activating factor have local or systemic effect. Knowing this, does it involve fever? platelet activation? chemotaxis? bronchospasm?

Answer 10

Local

• Fever: NO effect
• platelet activation: yes
• chemotaxis: yes
• bronchospasm: Yes

Question 11

What does factor XII activate? what is it also known as?

Answer 11

factor XII (hagemon factor)

• activates kallikrein leading to pain
• activates clotting factors, leading to thrombin activation

Question 12

What does the complement cascade activation entail?

Answer 12

opsonization
formation of MAC
chemotaxis
anaphylaxis

*not fever

Question 13

can complement activate fever?

Answer 13

no (neither is platelet activating factor)

-TNF is

Question 14

○ Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
○ C-Reactive protein

both are involved in which test?

Answer 14

acute phase reactant test

Question 15

Factor XII hagemon activation activates which 2 systems?

is C5 associated with this system or COX?

Answer 15

kinin system (bradykinin)

coagulation/fibrinolysis system

C5 is associated w/ Factor XII
- remember that factor XII can lead to both the kinin cascade and fibrinolytic system to activate complement cascade

• do not mix up w/ arachadonic acid and COX activation

Question 16

Which chemical mediators of inflammation is synthesized by the liver and activated at the site of its activity?

Answer 16

bradykinin

Question 17

Would rheumatoid arthritis be associated with a transudate or exudate?

Answer 17

exudate
- associated w/ inflammation/tissue injury

• kidney failure causes backup (transudate)
• liver failure no longer makes albumin which lowers oncotic pressure (transudate)

Question 18

Would liver and renal failure be associated with a transudate or exudate?

Answer 18

transudate

Question 19

Would starvation be associated with a transudate or exudate?

Answer 19

transudate

Question 20

Which chemical mediators of inflammation is responsible for direct microbial and tissue damage?

Answer 20

Reactive oxygen species

Question 21

Difference in empyema and abcess?

Answer 21

empyema – purulent exudate arising preexisting anatomical space,

abcess – arises in parenchyma and walled up and ends up in a newly formed space

Question 22

Does re-epithelialization occur in infrastructure repair?

Answer 22

Re-epithelialization occurs AFTER the granulation tissue has essentially finished the “infrastructure” repair.

• re epi cannot always occur if ulcer is too big