Practice

Question 1

Practice

Answer 1

Criticized for not meeting the needs of contemporary society

Top down approach frequently leads to an overlap of responsibilities

Fails to promote personal ingenuity

Question 2

Efficiency

Answer 2

Measured by responses times and arrest rates

Response times are adversely affected by the time it takes for citizens to call them

Question 3

Arrest rates

Answer 3

Used but not ideal

1. Much crime is simply not reported to police
2. Many people are arrested, but not everyone is prosecuted

Clearance rates are an alternative

Question 4

Other ways of measuring efficiency

Answer 4

Identity the number of arrests that lead to prosecutions

Fear reduction is another measure

Question 5

The police role

Answer 5

Roles encompass rights and responsibilities with a particular position

Also exists role expectations and role conflicts

Police expected to occupy conflicting roles (social agent and crime fighter)

Question 6

Muir noted different styles of policing

Answer 6

Professionals
Enforcers
reciprocators
Avoiders

Question 7

Wilson identified four styles

Answer 7

Social agent
watchman
Law enforcer
Crime fighter

Question 8

Patrol function

Answer 8

Backbone of policing

Introduced by peel

Purpose:
Deter crime
Maintain public order and sense of security
Provide 24 hour services

Police work involves activities unrelated to crime

80% of all calls involve incidents such as neighbourhood disputes, animal control, noise complaints, and locating lost children

Question 9

Incident driven patrol

Answer 9

Reactive policing - occurs when the police react to citizens calls for help

Proactive - occurs when the police crack down on the street drug trade, prostitution, or set up fencing strings
- involves acting, often interacting with criminals before crime occurs

Question 10

Directed patrol

Answer 10

When a police officers time is spent in certain locations

Effective at reducing automobile thefts and robberies

Hot spots and slight decreases in crime

Question 11

Foot patrols

Answer 11

Patrolling until 1930s

The flint neighbourhood foot patrol program reduced crime slightly but generated greater confidence In the police and reduced the fear of crime

Question 12

Three types of patrol

Answer 12

reaction
Proactive
Control

The different types did not affect crime rates, citizens attitudes towards officers, citizens fear of crime, rates of reported crime

Question 13

Three explanation for why police patrols are ineffective

Answer 13

1. Police patrols are spread out
2. Many crimes cannot be prevented by police
3. Some criminals are simply not affected by patrols (displacement)

Question 14

The criminal investigation function

Answer 14

Involves obtaining information to recreate the circumstances of a crime

Include a preliminary investigation and a follow up investigation

About 8/10 off all arrests are made by patrol officers rather than detectives

Question 15

Concerns about policing

Answer 15

• police patrols did not seriously reduce crime
• detectives did not reduce much crime
• arrests did not appear to significantly deter crime
• reactive policing did not seem to reduce crime
• use of private security forces

Question 16

Broken windows model

Answer 16

Need the community to fight crime

1. Neighbourhood disorder creates fear
2. Disorder sends out crime promoting signals
3. The police should get in cocked at the first signs of deterioration

Question 17

Community policing

Answer 17

Concentrate on building stronger communities that police themselves

Decentralized mini stations

Community partnerships are important

Embrace issues of disorder, neighbourhood decay, fear of crime, and order maintenance

Question 18

Zero tolerance

Answer 18

The focus is on order maintenance

Embraces the crime-attack model/ suppression

Communities may not be able to police themselves

Concentrates on specific types of crimes

Place specific oriented

Factors existing command structures

Question 19

Intelligence led policing

Answer 19

Risk society during the Information Age - it uses computer assisted programs for identifying high crime places and recidivists

Target recidivists, manage hot spots, develop multiagency partnerships

Global in scope

Question 20

Aboriginal policing

Answer 20

Began in 1978 in Quebec

First Nations policing policy 1991

319 agreements signed by 2005

Self administered agreement are the most common

Question 21

Basic functions of the police

Answer 21

Patrol and Investigate crime

Question 22

Problem oriented policing

Answer 22

Direct resources at the causes of crime

Kansas City gun project

Crime fighter
Law enforcer
Watch meant
Social agent

Question 23

The crime fighter

Answer 23

Focusing entirely on the detection and apprehension of serious criminals.

Question 24

Law enforcer

Answer 24

Enforcing all laws to the limit of their authority, including minor ones

Question 25

The watchman

Answer 25

An emphasis on maintaining public order without necessarily making arrests, such as with moving drinks and the mentally ill along

Question 26

The social agent

Answer 26

Problem solvers who work with community members, protect them from the outsiders and respond attentively to their local concerns