Police Context

Question 1

History

Answer 1

11 century - no regular police force (used to rely on themselves)

Frank pledge (peace pledge)
Ten families formed a tithing which were then grouped to form a hundred 

Hundreds -> shires (counties)

Top law enforcement officer = shire Reeve (sheriff)

13th century -con stable watch system was formalized by the statute of Westminster

Each parish consisted of a con stable and unpaid watchmen

Lasted until 18th century

Question 2

Modern policing

Answer 2

London didn’t have a system till mid-1700s

The military was used for policing
Problem: enforce by dead

Henry fielding created a professional law enforcement organization

Robert Peel passed the London metropolitan police which established a 32,00 person police force

Question 3

Modern policing II

Answer 3

Bobbies were expected to:

• reduce tension and conflict
• use non violent means , only used as last resort
• relieve the military from controlling crime
• judged on the basis of the absence of crime

This form spread throughout England, Australia , US, Canada

Question 4

Police in Canada

Answer 4

Large cities did not have well established forces

1873 north west mounted police was formed - renamed RCMP in 1920

followed a paramilitary structure that remains today (tough on bad guy)

Question 5

Municipal policing

Early municipal police forces

Answer 5

Early municipal police forces were interested:

1. maintaining public order
2. Preventing and controlling crime
3. Providing community forces

Used police runners to communicate

Question 6

Municipal policing II

Answer 6

Later replaced with call boxes
Call boxes with the bel system 
Telephones
Patrol vehicles
Fingerprinting
Criminal record system
Toxicological analyses 

Most important development was that officers were separated from the community ***

Question 7

Municipal policing III

Separation of the police from the community

Answer 7

Separation of the police from the community because:

1. Crime fighting emphasized
2. The police became more specialized
3. Spent less time on foot
4. Crime rates. Service calls, and response times determined police operations
5. Officers were recruited on psychological factors and civil service testing

Question 8

Distribution

Answer 8

1/3 of employees were civilian

RCMP = 26,000 employees
Over 75,000 volunteers

2 ways to determine how large a police presence should be:

1. Population to police officer ratio
2. Compare the number of criminal code incidents with the number of police in any given force

Question 9

Organization

Answer 9

Police forces are bureaucracies - rely on rules and regulations instead of favouritism

Model emerged in 1930s and remained in place until the 1970s include:

1. Hierarchical differentiation
2. Functional differentiation (different jobs)
3. Routinization
4. Centralization of command

Question 10

Canadian police have their roots in

Answer 10

ENGLAND

Question 11

What helped the police significantly?

Answer 11

Technological developments

Question 12

London metropolitan police act in 1893 established?

Answer 12

3200, person professional police force

Question 13

What is used to allocate police services?

Answer 13

The population to police officer ratio of incidents to the number of police