Practice

Question 1

Student # 03948938 is a __________.

Answer 1

String variable

Question 2

13 years old

Answer 2

numeric variable

Question 3

Age written as “young” or “old”

Answer 3

string variable

Question 4

Is it a variable? Class attendence

String or numeric? attend/not attend

Answer 4

yes, string

Question 5

Is it a variable? Class attendance

String or numeric? number of days

Answer 5

yes, numeric

Question 6

Is it a variable? Temperature

String or numeric? 90 degrees

Answer 6

yes, numeric

Question 7

Is it a variable? Temperature

String or numeric? Low, moderate, high

Answer 7

yes, string

Question 8

Is it a variable? Test grade

String or numeric? A, B, C

Answer 8

yes, string

Question 9

Is it a variable? Test score

String or numeric? 3.0, 4.0

Answer 9

yes, numeric

Question 10

Is it a variable? number of days in a week

String or numeric?

Answer 10

not a variable because the days in a week never change. There are always 7.

Question 11

Is it a variable? Days of a week

String or numeric? Monday, Tuesday

Answer 11

yes, string

Question 12

Name the variables (IV and DV) and whether string or numeric:
Students who read the syllabus will attend class more frequently than students who do not read the syllabus.

Answer 12

1. attendance (DV)
   numeric variable : frequency
2. syllabus (IV)
   string variable: read, not read

Question 13

The_________is the one that is changed by the scientist

Answer 13

independent variable

Question 14

To ensure afair test, a good experiment has only one ____________.

Answer 14

independent variable

Question 15

As the scientist changes the independent variable, he or she_________what happens.

Answer 15

As the scientist changes the independent variable, he or sheobserveswhat happens.

Question 16

The scientist focuses his or her observations on the____________to see how it responds to the change made to the independent variable.

Answer 16

dependent variable

Question 17

The new value of the dependent variable is caused by and depends on the value of the _____________.

Answer 17

Independent Variable

Question 18

Any condition other than the independent variable that might influence the dependent variable. Not wanted.

Answer 18

Extraneous variables

Question 19

Proof of a ______ is logically impossible

Answer 19

theory

Question 20

Establishing apropositionor theoretical point as being true.

Answer 20

Proof

Question 21

Shortly after the terrorist attacks in NY city and Washington dc, in September of 2001, a researcher and her colleagues asked nearly 2000 American teens and adults ranging in age from 13 to 88 about their reactions to the attacks:
Method:
IV:
DV:

Answer 21

Descriptive
IV: none
DV: reactions to the attacks

Question 22

Researchers use hidden cameras and dress up in nurses outfits to observe patients and the doctors in the hospital.
Method:
IV:
DV:

Answer 22

Method: Descriptive, observational, naturalistic
IV: none
DV: doctor patient reaction

Question 23

A researcher obtained the motivation score and the math score of 100 persons. He hypothesized that as motivation score increased, math score would also increase. The average IQ of 50 high motivation scorers was 115 and the average IQ of 50 low motivation scorers was 85
Method:
IV:
DV:

Answer 23

Method: Predictive, correlation
IV: none 
Designated IV: motivation
DV: motivation and math scores
Extraneous variables: IQ

Question 24

Researcher hypothesized that learning would occur differently in groups. Ppl volunteered to do Lecture or discussion groups. Researcher compared the avg math scores of the 2 groups. the average IQ was 115 and 85, respectively for the lecture and the discussion group.
Method:
IV:
DV:

Answer 24

Method: Predictive, nonequivalent
IV: none
DV: math scores
Designated IV: groups
EV: IQ

Question 25

A researcher hypothesized that learning would occur differently in groups. Participants volunteered to learn math in either a lecture group or a discussion group. A researcher gave each person a math test before each group began studying math. Fortunately for the researcher the average math score of each group was equal. After they finished studying math the researcher gave each person the math test again.
Method:
IV:
DV:

Answer 25

Method: predictive, quasi-experiment (has a pretest)
IV: none
Designated IV: groups (levels: group or discussion group
DV: math scores
EV: preference

Question 26

A researcher hypothesis that learning would occur differently in groups. The researcher randomly assigned participants to learn math in lecture and discussion groups. She controlled characteristics of the participants and environmental influences. She compared the math scores of the two groups.
Method:
IV:
DV:

Answer 26

Method: Explanatory, experiment
IV: Instruction method (levels: lecture and discussion)
DV: math scores

Question 27

What was the Tuskegee study?

Answer 27

The clinical study the Public Health Service conducted on prisoners. They gave them syphilis.

Question 28

What was the Milgram study?

Answer 28

An experiment on obedience to authority figures where they got normal people to inflict pain on others by doing what they are told.

Question 29

What was the Zimbardo study?

Answer 29

Also known as the Stanford prison experiment. Studied the psychological effect of becoming a prisoner or prison guard.

Question 30

What was the Stapel research famous for?

Answer 30

falsified data

Question 31

What are the general principles of APA?

Answer 31

-Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
Welfare of Participants
-Principle B: Fidelity and Responsibility
Roles – Professional conduct, adaptable methods,
Responsibility – Self and colleagues, public communication
-Principle C: Integrity
Honestly, Fairness, and Respectfulness, Prudent Use of Deception
-Principle D: Justice
Availability of Benefits of Research and Self Competence
-Principle E: Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity
Privacy, Confidentiality, Self Determination, Awareness of Differences