Practice 2

Question 1

Other than corneal arcus as a sign of hypercholesterolaemia, where else can signs manifest?

Answer 1

Achilles tendon and Elbow

Question 2

What kind of murmur is mitral stenosis?

Answer 2

Mid-diastolic

Question 3

What is a key sign of mitral stenosis?

Answer 3

Malar flush

Question 4

What’s the commonest cause of death as a result of an MI?

Answer 4

Ventricular Arrhythmia

Question 5

What is Dressler’s syndrome?

Answer 5

It is secondary pericarditis as a result of damage to the pericardium. It consists of:

• pericardial friction rub indicative of pericarditis
• pericardial effusion
• fever
• pleuritic chest pain

It typically occurs 2-3 weeks post MI.

It is believed to be an auto-immune response to constituents present as a result of MI.

Question 6

What is a pericardial friction rub?

Answer 6

It is a second diastolic heart sound heard.

It is indicative of pericarditis.

Question 7

What are examples of right-to-left shunts?

(Right for… TTTT)

Answer 7

• TAPVR
• tetralogy of fallot
• transposition of the great vessels
• truncus arteriosus

Question 8

What are examples of left to right shunts?

Answer 8

• ASD
• VSD
• PDA

Question 9

What do weak femoral pulses suggest?

Answer 9

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 10

What are some common features of Turner’s syndrome? (45XO)

Answer 10

1. Short stature
2. Webbed neck
3. Low-set ears
4. Heart problems e.g. coarctation and bicuspid aortic valve
5. Amenorrhoea
6. Low posterior hairline

Question 11

In ventricular deptal defects, what is an associated risks?

Answer 11

There is a high risk of bacterial endocarditis

Question 12

What type of shunt is associated with a cerebral abscess?

Answer 12

Right-to-left

Question 13

What is the most common congenital heart defect associated with downs?

Answer 13

Atrioventricular septal defect leading to pansystolic murmur and loud S2