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Immunology final > Practice #1 > Flashcards

Practice #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ligands for NOD(NLR)?

A

Intracellular PRR for bacterial peptidoglycans

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2
Q

What are the ligands for CLR?

A

C type lectin transmembrane receptors:

MR mannose receptor on macrophages and DC recognize microbial carbohydrates, glucans

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3
Q

What are the ligands for RIG1?

A

Intracellular PRR for viral RNAs

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4
Q

What are the ligands for TLR2?

A

Cell surface receptor

  • Bacterial peptidoglycan (lipopeptides, glycolipids, proteolipids)
  • LTA
  • Hemagglutinin in viruses
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5
Q

What are the ligands for TLR5?

A

Cell surface receptor

- Flagellin

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6
Q

What are the ligands for TLR4?

A

Cell surface receptor

  • LPS
  • HSP of bacteria and host
  • Fibrinogen of host
  • Heparan sulfate of host
  • hyaluronic acid of host
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7
Q

What are the ligands for TLR2/6?

A

Cell surface receptor

  • Fungal zymogen
  • LTA
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8
Q

What are the ligands for TLR1/2?

A

Cell surface receptor

  • Bacterial lipopeptides
  • GPI anchor proteins (parasites)
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9
Q

What are the ligands for TLR3?

A

Endosomal receptor

- Viral dsRNA

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10
Q

What are the ligands for TLR7?

A

Endosomal receptor

- Viral ssRNA

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11
Q

What are the ligands for TLR8?

A

Endosomal receptor

- Viral ssRNA

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12
Q

What are the ligands for TLR9?

A

Endosomal receptor

- Viral and bacterial CpG islends on the DNA

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13
Q

What receptors induce phagocytosis of the APC?

A

All except TLR

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14
Q

What is the signaling function upon activation of TLR?

A

Activation of NFkappaB, AP1 and IRF3

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15
Q

What does PRRs recognize? in general?

A

PAMP and DAMP

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16
Q

What does BCR recognize?

A

Antigen epitopes (conformational epitopes)

17
Q

What does TCR recognize?

A

Processed peptides of the epitope presented on an MHC molecule (linear epitopes)

18
Q

Traits of the adaptive immune response?

A
  1. Specificity (recognition of 1 epitope by 1 lymphocyte)
  2. Sensitivity (small amount of antibodies are usually enough to eliminate the pathogen)
  3. Selectivity (the antigen “selects” the receptor of the bestlymphocyte)
  4. Memory
19
Q

Examples for DAMPs

A

ROS, nucleic acids, HSP, enzymes, F-actin, intracellular enzymes

20
Q

What happens if the bone marrow is damaged?

A

Pancytopenia and severe infections may occur

21
Q

Whathappens if the thymus is removed surgically?

A

Lowered peripheral T cell population

22
Q

Cell population in the different parts of the lymph node

A 
Cortex: B cells and macrophages
Follicles: Bcells
Germinal center: Proliferating B cells, fDC, plasma cells, macrophages
Paracortex: T cells, DC
Medulla: Plasma cells, macrophages
23
Q

What happens if the spleen is removed or in sickle cell anemia?

A

The patient become moreprone to infections caused by encapsulated bacteria due to decreased number of memory cells

Immunology final (24 decks)

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