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HISTOLOGY > PRACTICALS > Flashcards

PRACTICALS Flashcards

1
Q

NERVE CELL
1. cell shape?
2. organ?
3. nucleus?
4. cytoplasm?
5. Special Structure?
6. Function
(a) nerve cell
(b) nissl bodies
7. Stain?

A
  1. stellate or star shaped
  2. spinal cord (gray matter)
  3. fish-eye shaped nucleus
  4. homogenous
  5. nissl bodies
  6. a. conduct impulse to/from sensory organs
    b. synthesis & segregation of proteins in neuronal cytoplasm
  7. Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E)
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2
Q

NERVE CELL (Demo Slide)
1. stain?
2. functions of neurofibrils
3. Three types of neurofibrils

A
  1. Gold Chloride
  2. axonal transport; cellular cytoskeleton
  3. microtubules, neurofilaments , microfilaments
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3
Q

LIVER CELL
1. cell shape?
2. cell arrangement?
3. nucleus?
4. cytoplasm?
5. Function
6. Found in?
7. Stain

A
  1. Polyhedral (due to pressure)
  2. radiating, cord-like
  3. Vesicular, few scattered chromatin clumps; polyploid
  4. Homogenous
  5. Filter blood, carbohydrate; immune cell activation for liver homeostasis
  6. Pig Liver, Human Liver
  7. Hematoxylin and Eosin
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4
Q

OVUM
1. Organ?
2. Nucleus?
3. special structure?
4. found in?
5. function?
6. Stain?

A
  1. Ovary; cortex
  2. large
  3. follicles of various stages development; atresia in ovary
  4. Adult female reproductive system
  5. for reproduction,
    production of ova
    synthesis and secretion of estrogen and progesterone
  6. Hematoxylin and Eosin
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5
Q

GRANULOSA LUTEIN
1. cell structure?
2. organ/spx?
3. nucleus?
4. cytoplasm?
5. occurrence?
6. function?
7. stain?

A
  1. corpus luteum
  2. ovary; granulosa lutein cell
  3. large, spherical
  4. large amount
  5. female reproductive system
  6. secrete progesterone, inhibin & estrogen
  7. Hematoxylin & Eosin
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6
Q

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
1. organ/spx?
2. nucleus
3. component cells?
4. Occurrence?/
5. function
a. epithelium
b. bowman’s capsule
6. Stain?

A
  1. Renal cortex, Bowman’s capsule
  2. flattened (round or spherical)
  3. width greater than height
  4. vascular system (endothelium), body cavities (mesothelium), Bowman’s capsule (kidney), alveoli, thin loop of henle
  5. a. exchange, lubrication, barrier in CNS
    b. ultrafiltration of blood
  6. Hematoxylin and Eosin
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7
Q

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM (Demo Slide)
1. Specimen?
2. Tissue (specific)?
3. Function?
4. Nucleus?
5. Component cells?
6. Special feature?
7. Stain?
8. Example?

A
  1. Mesentery
  2. Mesothelium
  3. Protection & Filtration
  4. on top, round & spherical
  5. polygonal in shape, serrated borders
  6. cell adhere to one another; no intracellular space
  7. Silver Nitrate
  8. Pleura, Pericardium, Peritoneum
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8
Q

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
1. Organ/spx?
2. Nucleus?
3. Cell shape?
4. Occurrence?
5. Function?
6. Stain?

A

1.Follicle of Thyroid Gland
2. spherical/round, basophilic nuclei
3. cuboidal
4. Thyroid follicles, Proximal tubules of kidney, germinal epithelium of ovary
5. Secretion & absorption
6. H&E

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9
Q

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM (Plain)
1. organ/spx?
2. Nucleus?
3. Component cells?
4. Occurrence?
5. Function?
a. Epthelium
b. Gallbladder
6. associated w/?

A
  1. Gallbladder
  2. oval/ovoid near the basal lamina
  3. Height greater than width
  4. Digestive tract, small & large intestine, stomach
  5. a. absorption, excretion, secretion
    b. storage and secretion of bile
  6. goblet cells
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10
Q

SIMPLE COLUMNAR CILIATED EPITHELIUM
1. Organ/spx?
2. Nucleus?
3. Component cells?
4. Occurrence?
5. Special structure?
6. Function
a. epithelium
b. cilia

A
  1. Oviduct
  2. Oval/Ovoid; near basal lamina
  3. height greater than width
  4. Fallopian tube, uterus
  5. Cilia
  6. a. absorption
    b. propels substances at the surface of its environment
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11
Q

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR CILIATED EPITHELIUM
1. organ/spx?
2. nucleus?
3. component cells?
4. special structure?
5. occurrence?
6. function

A
  1. trachea
  2. one layer but found at diif. levels
  3. columnar, basal cells
  4. cilia, goblet cells
  5. primary bronchi
  6. protection & secretion of mucus
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12
Q

PSEUDOSTTRATIFIED STEREOCILIA EPITHELIUM
1. organ/spx?
2. nucleus?
3. component cells?
4. special structures?
5. occurrence?
6. function?

A
  1. ductus epididymis, ductus efferentis
  2. one layer but found at diff. levels
  3. columnar, basal cells
  4. stereocilia, goblet cells
  5. vas deferens
  6. absorption only
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13
Q

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
1. Organ?
2. nucleus?
3. component cell?
4. specialize structure ?
5. occurrence?
6. function?

A
  1. esophagus
  2. one layer but at diff. site
  3. squamous (top), polyhedral (middle), columnar (basal)
  4. may or may be keratinized
  5. Vagina, Esophagus, Skin, Tongue (VEST)
  6. protection against microorganisms
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14
Q

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM (urothelium)
1. Component cell?
2. occurrence?
3. function?

A
  1. dome-shaped (top), pear-shaped (middle), ovoid (basal)
  2. Urinary bladder, ureter
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15
Q

SEROUS GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
1. nucleus?
2. cytoplasm?
3. arrangement of cell?
4. special structure?
5. occurrence ?
6. function?

A
  1. round
  2. acidophilic and granular, w/ small lumen
  3. dark stained cells grouped in cluster
  4. acini
  5. parotid gland (pure), tongue
  6. secretes water fluid for lubrication
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16
Q

MUCOUS GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
1. nucleus?
2. cytoplasm?
3. arrangement of cell?
4. special structure?
5. occurrence?
6. function?

A
  1. flattened at the periphery
  2. basophilic and reticular, mucin-filled w/ bigger lumen
  3. pale cells grouped in cluster
  4. acini
  5. maxillary and sublingual glands (mixed), lingual tonsil
  6. secretes viscous fluid for defense barrier
17
Q

SEROUS AND MUCOUS GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
1. spx?
2. classification?
3. special structure?
4. formed when?

A
  1. Sublingual gland
  2. muco-serous gland
  3. serous demilune
  4. serous cells capping mucous cell
18
Q

ADIPOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
1. PC?
2. PF?
3. nucleus?
4. cytoplasm?
5. special structure?
6. occurrence?
7. function?

A

1, adipose cell
2. reticular and collagen fiber
3. flattened & pushed to one side (signet ring appearance)
4. very thin
5. Fat vacuole
6. scalp, skin of the palm, tongue
7. body insulator, synthesis and storage of fat

19
Q

AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
1. PC?
2. PF?
3. loc?
4. occurrence?
5. function?

A
  1. fibroblasts
  2. collagen fibers
  3. beneath epithelia
  4. Vagina, Esophagus, Scalp, Tongue
  5. Transport metabolites, repair after injury
20
Q

DENSE REGULAR COLLAGENOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
1. PC?
2. PF?
3. arrangement of fibers?
4. occurrence?
5. functions?

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. collagen fibers
  3. densely packed in a PARALLEL array
  4. Tendons, ligaments, aponeurosis,
  5. muscle to bone, muscle to muscle, bone to bone
21
Q

DENSE ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE
1. PC?
2. PF?
3. occurrence?
4. functions?

A
  1. fibroblasts
  2. elastic fibers
  3. ligamentum nuchae & ligamentum flava
  4. prevent tearing of tissue from excessive stretching
22
Q

RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
1. PC?
2. PF?
3. arrangement of fibers?
4. occurrence?
5. functions?
6. Stain?

A
  1. Reticular cells
  2. reticular fibers
  3. meshlike-pattern
  4. bone marrow, liver, spleen, lymphoid organs (BLSL)
  5. structural framework
  6. Silver nitrate
23
Q

LYMPHOID TISSUE
1. PC?
2. PF?
3. arrangement of fiber?
4. occurrence?
5. function?
6. special strcture?

A
  1. lymphocyte
  2. reticular fibers
  3. mesh like networks
  4. lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus (LTST)
  5. form the basis of immune system
  6. germinal center of flemming , corona (dark part)
24
Q

MUCOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
1. PC?
2. PF?
3. special structure?
4. occurrence?
5. structures?
6. function?

A
  1. fibroblasts
  2. collagen fibers
  3. wharton’s jelly
  4. dental pulp, vitreous humor
  5. 2 arteries, 1 vein
  6. fibrogelatinous support
25
Q

MESENCHYMAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE
1. PC?
2. PF?
3. special structure?
4. occurrence?
5. function?
a. cT
b. cell

A
  1. undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
  2. collagen fibers
  3. notochord, neural tube
  4. developing organ in the embryo, between germ layers
  5. a give rise to other type of tissues
    b. develop into other cell types
26
Q

ADULT HYALINE CARTILAGE
1. PC?
2. PF?
3. loc?
4. occurrence?
5. function?

A
  1. chondrocytes w/ lacunae
  2. collagen fibers
  3. beneath epithelium
  4. costal cartilage, nose, trachea
  5. resist compression, provide cushion and low friction surface
27
Q

ELASTIC CARTILAGE
1. PC?
2. PF?
3. ECM consti?
4. special structure?
5. occurrence?
6. functions?
7. calcification?

A
  1. chondrocytes and chondroblasts
  2. elastic fibers
  3. type II collagen, elastic fiber, GAGS
  4. area of fatty degeneration
  5. ear epiglottis, eustachian tube
  6. provide flexible support for soft tissues
  7. NO
28
Q

FIBROCARTILAGE
1. PC?
2. PF?
3. loc?
4. function?
5. chondrocytes arrangement?

A
  1. fibroblasts and chondrocytes
  2. collagen type I and type II fibers
  3. symphysis pubis, meniscus of the knee, annulus fibrosus
  4. resist deformation under stress
  5. single, columns, & isogenous groups
29
Q

COMPACT BONE
1. PC?
2. PF?
3. matrix?

A
  1. osteocytes
  2. collagen fibers
  3. hard & rigid
30
Q

DEVELOPING LONG BONE
1. PC?
2. PF?
3. ZONES?
4. LOC?

A
  1. chondrocytes w/ lacunae
  2. collagen fibers
  3. zone of resting cartilage
    zone of young proliferating cartilage (parallel arrangement)
    Zone of hypertrophic cartilage cells (maturation zone)
    zone of calcifying cartilage
    developing trabeculae of the metaphysis
    zone of resorption
  4. Long bones
31
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLE
1. functional unit?
2. cell shape?
3. fibers?
4. nucleus?
5. striations?
6. innervation type
7. cross/long section
8. occurrence?
9. function?

A
  1. sarcomere
  2. large, elongated
  3. long, cylindrical, unbranched
  4. multiple and peripherally
  5. cross striations present
  6. voluntary/somatic
  7. cross section - polyhedral, fairly uniform in size
    long section - long solitary band or cylindrical in shape
  8. tongue, diaphragm, gastro-esophageal junction
  9. for movement of axial and appendicular skeleton, maintain body posture and position
32
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLE
1. functional unit?
2. cell shape?
3. fibers/
4. nucleus?
5. striations?
6. innervation type?
7. long section/cross section
8. occurrence?
9. function?

A
  1. muscle fiber
  2. short, spindle-shaped/fusiform
  3. single smooth muscle cell
  4. uninucleated, elongated and centrally located
  5. absent of striations
  6. involuntary/autonomic
  7. cross section - uniform in shape, wide variation of fiber size, round/ovoid w/ single nuclei
  8. Ileum, urinary bladder, stomach, esophagus, vessels
  9. gut peristalsis, uterine contraction during birth
33
Q

CARDIAC MUSCLE
1. functional unit?
2. cell shape?
3. fibers?
4. nucleus?
5. striations?
6. special structure?
7. innervation type?
8. cross/long section
9. occurrence?
10. function?

A
  1. sarcomere
  2. short, narrow cell
  3. linear branched, anastomosing
  4. 1-2 nuclei, centrally located
  5. cross striations present
  6. intercalated discs (band of eberth)
  7. involuntary/autonomic
  8. cross section - moderate variation in size, polygonal to elongated cell w/ 1-2 central nuclei
    long section - cross striations, single central nucleus, thick, branching w./ intercalated disc
  9. heart, superior & inferior vena cava, pulmonary veins
  10. spontaneous rhythmic contractions
34
Q

SPINAL CORD
- Gray matter (inside)
1. cell present?
2. cytoplasm?
3. fibrillar background?
4. characteristics?
- White matter (outside)
1. cell present?
2. composition?
3. Fibrillar backgroun?

A

Gray
1. neurons, supporting glial cells, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes
2. basophlic
3. tight
4. H-Shaped, central canal, ventral horn (motpr neuron), dorsal horn (sensory neuron), gray commissure

White
1. glial cells (interfasicular glia)
2. glial cells, axons
3. loose

35
Q

CEREBELLUM
1. cell present?
2. structures?
- gray matter
- white matter
3. occurrence?
4. function?

A
  1. purkinjie cells
  2. Gray matter - at periphery (cortex)
    - outer molecular layer
    - inner granular layer - dark staining neurons (granule cells)
    - purkinjie cells
    White Matter - centrally located
  3. brain/cerebellum
  4. transmit sensory signals to motor portion of the brain
36
Q

SPINAL GANGLION
1. composition?
2. cells present/
3. cell shape?
4. nucleus?
5. supporting tissue?
6. other structure?
7. function?

A
  1. nerve cell bodies, nerve fibers, aroelar ct
  2. capsule cells (amphicytes)
  3. nerve cell body - ovoid or spherical, pseudounipolar nuuerons
  4. fish-eye nuclei, large & spherical
  5. areolar CT, basophilic cytoplasm
  6. lipofuscin granules
  7. impulses from organ to the CNS
37
Q

TEERMINAL GANGLION
1. Composition?
2. cell present?
3. nucleus?
4. supporting CT?
5. neighboring tissue?
6. occurrence?
7. function?

A
  1. nerve cell bodies, nerve fibers, areolar CT
  2. nerve cell bodies and satellite cells
  3. fish-eye nuclei
  4. areolar CT
  5. smooth muscle
  6. walls of intestine, esophagus, pancreas
  7. relays impulse from the CNS to smooth muscles and/or gland cells
38
Q

SCIATIC NERVE
1. cell present?
2. arrangement?
3. special structures/
4. function?
5. occurrence?/

A
  1. schwann cells, fibroblasts
  2. bundles/fascicles
  3. vas nervosum - bv supplies the nerve
    node of ranvier - saltatory impulse conduction
    myelin sheath
  4. function - increase speed at which impulse propagate
  5. sciatic nerve
39
Q

VATER-PACINIAN CORPUSCLE
1. cell present/
2. appearance?
3. structure?
4. function?
5. occurrence?

A
  1. fibroblast
  2. onion-like
  3. lamellae - fibrous CT and fibroblast, separated by gelatinous material; modified schwann cell
  4. deep pressure sensor
  5. skin of the palm

HISTOLOGY (6 decks)

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