LE4 Flashcards
Which best describes sebaceous glands?
A. Duct drains onto the skin surface
B. Releases its content via holocrine
secretion
C. Primarily secretes water and salts
D. Secretory units are supplied by adrenergic
stimulation
E. Typically found in reticular dermis
B. Releases its content via holocrine
secretion
Salivary gland that opens directly to buccal,
opposite to second upper molar
A. Parotid gland
B. Sublingual gland
C. Submandibular gland
D. Buccal gland
A. Parotid gland
Taste receptor gene for bitter
A. T1R2
B. T1R3
C. T2Rs
D. T1R1
C. T2Rs
Succedaneous(?) teeth of a 25 yr old man
D. medial incisor, lateral incisor,
canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars
True of enamel
A. Hardest substance in the human
body
B. 70% inorg, 30% org
C. Continually deposited and replaced
thruout life - sad memes kani ako gi
answer - sayop ni dzae kay dili ni siya
forever ma deposit and replace. Mao ra ni
mu stay nimo :)
D. Thin, yellowish, translucent, granular
layer
A. Hardest substance in the human
body
During the bell stage of tooth development,
this layer of cells form the concave
surface of the enamel.
A. Outer enamel epithelium
B. Inner enamel epithelium
C. Stratum intermedium
D. Stellate reticulate
B. Inner enamel epithelium
These are bundles of collagen fibers
formed by sub-odontoblastic layer
A. Sharpey’s fibers
B. Tomes fibers
C. Von korff’s fibers
D. Tomes process
C. Von korff’s fibers
Distinguishing feature of the parotid gland
A. Presence of adipose tissue
B. Cranial nerve VII passes through it
C. Largest of the major salivary gland
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Component of saliva where sodium
reabsorption, potassium and bicarbonate
secretion happens
A. Acinus
B. Intercalated duct
C. Striated duct
D. Excretory duct
C. Striated duct
Ion with the highest concentration in the
saliva
A. Potassium
B. Fluoride
C. Calcium
D. Phosphate
A. Potassium
Incorrect regarding tome’s granular layer
A. Areas of hypo mineralization
B. Found in root and crown
C. Does not follow incremental lines
B. Found in root and crown
Which of the ff. structures are/are found in the dentino-enamel junction?
A. Enamel spindles
B. Enamel tufts
C. Sharpey’s fibers
D. A & B
E. A & C
D. A & B
A. Enamel spindles
B. Enamel tufts
Which excretory duct of the pancreas runs
through the entire length and empties into the
second part of the duodenum?
A. Duct of Stensen
B. Duct of Santorini
C. Duct of Wirsung
D. Duct of Wharton
C. Duct of Wirsung
The following characteristics are true for the tongue, except:
A. Striated muscle bundles that run in 3
planes at right angles to the other two
B. Submucosa on the ventral side
C. With intrinsic and extrinsic muscle
attachment
D. Lined by thick non-keratinized epithelium
in the dorsal, keratinized epithelium in the
ventral surface
D. Lined by thick non-keratinized epithelium
in the dorsal, keratinized epithelium in the
ventral surface - thick, non-keratinized, SSE
Aside from the lingual papillae, this have
taste buds
A. Uvula
B. Hard palate
C. Posterior surface of epiglottis
D. Anterior wall of pharynx
C. Posterior surface of epiglottis
Which glands are located in the lamina
propria of the nasopharynx?
A. Serous
B. Mucous
C. Mixed
D. None
C. Mixed
Which of the following is the antigen
presenting cell of the esophageal
epithelium?
A. Langerhans’ Cell
B. Merkel’s Cell
C. Microfold Cell
D. None of the above
A. Langerhans’ Cell
The boundary between pharynx and
esophagus
A. Epiglottis
B. Cricoid cartilage
C. Thyroid cartilage
D. None of the above
B. Cricoid cartilage
In the human esophagus, skeletal muscle
fibers in the muscularis mucosae are found in
which segment?
A. All throughout
B. Upper 3rd only
C. Upper 2/3 only
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
E. None of the above
Muscularis mucosae consists of
smooth muscles
Concentric dark striation representing
successive apposition of enamel during
crown formation
Contour lines of Retzius
The histologic division of stomach into
regions is based on
a. Depth of pits
b. Gland in lamina propria
c. Blood supply
d. Anatomical orientation
b. Gland in lamina propria
I Cells found in duodenum and jejunum
CCK
Deficiency of vitamin B-12 may result due to
deficiency of a glycoprotein secreted by
which cells of the stomach
A. Oxyntic cells
B. Enteroendocrine cells
C. Chief cells
D. Zymogenic cells
A. Oxyntic cells
OXYNTIC/ PARIETAL CELLS- secrete HCl and intrinsic factor
Histology of gastroduodenal junction
a. Low columnar to tall columnar
b. stratified squamous to columnar with
striate border
c. low columnar with goblet cells to
columnar with goblet cells and striate
border
d. Mucous secretory epithelium to
columnar epithelium with goblet cells
d. Mucous secretory epithelium to
columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Function of M cells
A. Conveys macromolecules from intestinal
lumen to lymphoid tissue
B. Regulation of normal bacterial flora of the
SI
C. Increase appetite and perception of
hunger
D. All of the above
E. A & B
A. Conveys macromolecules from
intestinal lumen to lymphoid tissue
The characteristics in tunica muscularis is
inner longitudinal and outer circular is
seen in what digestive tract?
A. Pharynx
B. Esophagus
C. Ileum
D. Rectum
A. Pharynx
Circumanal glands, what type of gland?
A. Crypts of lieberkuhn
B. Apocrine
C. Sebaceous
D. Mixed
B. Apocrine
Which of the following does not describe the
appendix?
A. Paneth cells are absent in the crypts of
Lieberkühn
B. Muscularis mucosa is poorly developed
C. 2 layers of tunica muscularis are
continuous around circumference
D. Lymphoid tissue surrounds the opening
A. Paneth cells are absent in the crypts of
Lieberkühn
True about the anal canal except
A. Longitudinal muscular folds are present
called columns of Morgagni
B. Both internal and external sphincters are
made up of smooth muscles
C. There is an abrupt change in epithelium
2cm from the opening
D. Lamina propria contains plexus of large
veins
B. Both internal and external sphincters are
made up of smooth muscles
The line of Hilton serves as a demarcation
or boundary between:
A. Hindgut and proctodeum junction
B. Simple columnar and stratified squamous
C. Rectum and anal canal
D. Internal and external sphincter
D. Internal and external sphincter
Lip (skin side) is characterized by which of the following:
A. absence or submucosa in underlying connective
tissue
B. lined by keratinizing stratified squamous
epithelium
C. shows extensive vascularity of underlying
connective tissue
D. hair follicles are not round
B. lined by keratinizing stratified squamous
epithelium
Lip (red margin) is characterized by which of the
following, EXCEPT:
A. stratum granulosum still present
B. connective tissue papillae penetrates deep into the
Lepithelium
C. lined by less keratinized stratified squamous
epithelium
D. has sebaceous glands, sweat glands & facial
hair
D. has sebaceous glands, sweat glands & facial
hair
The lining mucosa of the oral cavity is found in the
following, EXCEPT:
A. cheek
B. dorsum of tongue
C. ventral portion of tongue
D. Soft palate
B. dorsum of tongue
What features differentiate masticatory mucosa from lining mucosa?
A. Thicker lamina propria
B. Absence of submucosa
C. Absence of stratum lucidum
D. All of these are correct
B. Absence of submucosa
Which feature is responsible for the relative immobility of
masticatory mucosa:
A. absence or stratum lucidum
B. absence of submucosa
C. depth and number of connective tissue papillae
D. the thick parakeratinized epithelium
C. depth and number of connective tissue papillae
Which of the following features allows greater mobility of the lining mucosa over the underlying structures?
A. All of these are correct
B. Loose lamina propria with fewer and shorter
papillae
C. Highly permeable underlying connective tissue
D. Presence of submucosa
B. Loose lamina propria with fewer and shorter
papillae
Minor salivary glands are found in the following locations, EXCEPT:
A. soft palate
B. cheeks
C. tongue
D. lips
A. soft palate
Which statement is TRUE of the Succedaneous teeth:
A. are shedded up to 13th year of life, or so
B. are erupted by the 18th year of life, or so
C. also known as deciduous teeth
D. numbers 16 each in the maxilla and in the mandible
D. numbers 16 each in the maxilla and in the mandible
Which of the following associations is CORRECT:
A. cementum - odontoblasts
B. enamel - ameloblasts
C. dentin - tuttelins
D. none of these options is correc
B. enamel - ameloblasts
What does the periodontal ligament connect:
A. Dentin to cementum
B. Cementum to alveolar bone
C. Enamel to alveolar bone
D. The root of one tooth to the root of an adjacent
tooth
E. Dentin to enamel
B. Cementum to alveolar bone
This portion of the salivon forms a short connection from the acinus to the next order of duct.
A. striated duct
B. interlobular duct
C. excretory duct
D. intercalated duct
D. intercalated duct
Serous demilunes are found in these salivary glands,
EXCEPT:
A. submaxillary gland
B. submandibular gland
C. sublingual gland
D. parotid gland
D. parotid gland
Taste buds and serous glands are NOT demonstrated in
which papillae
A. filiform papillae
B. fungiform papillae
C. circumvallate papillae
D. foliate papillae
A. filiform papillae
One of the following is NOT characteristic of Foliate papillae:
A. non keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium
B. taste buds
C. vascularized connective tissue core
D. serous glands of von Ebner
C. vascularized connective tissue core
Taste bud cell type that extends from the basal lamina to
the taste pore:
A. Supporting cell
B. Sensory cells
C. Neuroepithelial cells
D. Basal cells
B. Sensory cells
C. Neuroepithelial cells
Which of the following best describes a taste pore:
A. pale ovoid bodies against a darker staining lingual epithelium
B. basally located opening that connects with afferent
sensory neurons
C. elongated opening that connects with nerve cells
D. small opening or convergent taste bud apices
on the surface of the lingual epithelium
D. small opening or convergent taste bud apices
on the surface of the lingual epithelium
The apex of the V-shaped depression on the dorsum of the tongue points to
A. foramen cecum
B. median sulcus
C. Fordyce spot
D. sulcus terminalis
A. foramen cecum
Which segment/s of the pharynx is lined by
pseudostratified columnar epithelium:
A. Nasopharynx
B. Naso and oropharynx
C. All 3 segments
D. Oro- and laryngopharynx
A. Nasopharynx
Which glands are located in the lamina propria of the
nasopharynx?
A. Serous
B. none, glands are in submucosa
C. Mucous
D. Mixed
D. Mixed
Which cells in the esophageal epithelium function as
antigen-presenting cells?
A. all options are correct
B. Merkel cells
C. Microfold cells
D. Langerhans cells
C. Microfold cells
A hormone that stimulates hunger and appetite are mainly secreted by the neuroendocrine cells of?
A. Esophagus
B. Jejunum
C. Stomach
D. Ileum
C. Stomach
A submucosal layer is present in which segment of the pharynx?
A. Oropharynx
B. Laryngopharynx
C. no option is correct
D. Nasopharynx
D. Nasopharynx
Plicae circulares are found in the entire length of which segment/s of the small intestines:
A. Duodenum
B. Jejunum and ileum
C. Ileum
D. Jejunum
D. Jejunum
A biopsy of the gastroduodenal junction would show the
following histological features:
A. a transition from stratified squamous to columnar epithelium with striated border
B. a transition from a low columnar to tall
columnar epithelium
C. a transition from a low columnar with goblet
cells to tall columnar with goblet cells & striate
border
D. a transition from a mucus secretory epithelium to columnar epithelium with goblet cells
D. a transition from a mucus secretory epithelium to columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Glands in the lamina propria are seen in following
segments of the digestive tract, EXCEPT:
A. Esophagus
B. Stomach
C. no exception mentioned
D. duodenum
C. no exception mentioned
The predominant cell in the lower third of the oxyntic glands in the corpus of the stomach:
A. parietal cells
B. chief cells
C. stem cells
D. mucous cells
B. chief cells
Which segment of the intestines contain G-cells that
secrete gastrin:
A. Jejunum
B. Duodenum
C. Ileum
D. no option is correct
B. Duodenum
Which of the following cells may form tumors and cause carcinoid syndromes:
A. Parietal cells
B. Langerhans cells
C. Enteroendocrine cells
D. Paneth cells
C. Enteroendocrine cells
Shortening of the intestinal villi is due to contraction of which of the following:
A. Muscularis mucosa
B. muscularis externa
C. Lacteals
D. Bruck’s muscles
D. Bruck’s muscles
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is brought about by excessive secretion of:
A. Motilin
B. Pepsin
C. Gastrin
D. ghrelin
C. Gastrin
Glands in the submucosa are seen in which of the following segments of the digestive tract:
A. esophagus & duodenum
B. duodenum only
C. esophagus, stomach, & duodenum
D. esophagus, stomach, duodenum, ileum
D. esophagus, stomach, duodenum, ileum
Which of the following is the function of Microfold cells:
A. regulation of the normal bacterial flora of the small intestines
B. secrete a hormone that increase appetite and perception of hunger
C. all options are correct
D. convey macromolecules from intestinal lumen to lymphoid tissue
D. convey macromolecules from intestinal lumen to lymphoid tissue
An abrupt change of epithelium from simple to stratified or vice versa occurs at the following, EXCEPT:
A. anorectal junction
B. gastroduodenal junction
C. gastroesophageal junction
D. no exception mentioned
B. gastroduodenal junction
Which of the following glands is/are classified as compound tubular glands that are branched:
A. Pyloric gland
B. no option is correct
C. Cardiac gland
D. fundic gland
C. Cardiac gland
Which of the following cell has an elaborate intracellular canalicular system:
A. Stem cell
B. Parietal cell
C. Chief cell
D. Paneth cell
B. Parietal cell
Which of the following hormones or substances stimulates gastric emptying and gut motility?
A. Peptide YY
B. Pancreatic polypeptide
C. Histamine
D. gastrin
B. Pancreatic polypeptide
The line of Hilton serves as a demarcation or boundary
between:
A. Hindgut and proctodeum junction
B. Simple columnar and stratified squamous:
C. Rectum and anal canal
D. Internal and external sphincters
D. Internal and external sphincters
The circumanal glands are what type of glands:
A. Apocrine glands
B. Crypts of Lieberkuhn
C. Sebaceous glands
D. mixed sero-mucous glands
A. Apocrine glands
Which cells in the crypts of Lieberkuhn are renewed the
least often?
A. Paneth cells
B. Enteroendocrine cells
C. Goblet cells
D. Enterocytes
B. Enteroendocrine cells
Paneth cells in the crypts of Lieberkuhn are most abundant
(per surface area) in:
A. Appendix
B. Rectum
C. Colon
D. lleum
D. lleum
Which of the following segments are totally covered by peritoneum or tunica serosa:
A. ascending and descending colon
B. transverse colon
C. transverse and sigmoid colon
D. transverse colon and rectum
C. transverse and sigmoid colon
Segment of the duct system absent in the pancreas:
A. no option is correct
B. striated duct
C. intercalated duct
D. intralobular duct
B. striated duct
The predominant cell type in the islets of Langerhans:
A. alpha cells
B. F cells
C. beta cells
D. delta cells
C. beta cells
Polyuria, polydipsia, & polyphagia are observed when there is deficiency in the secretion of which cells of the
pancreas:
A. D cells
B. B cells
C. F cells
D. A cells
B. B cells
Which hormone induces the release of highly concentrated digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
A. Secretin
B. Cholecystokinin
C. cholestyramine
D. pancreatic polypeptide
B. Cholecystokinin
Which layer of epithelium is
characteristically absent in gingiva
A. S. Corneum
B. S. Granulosum
C. S. Spinosum
D. S. Basale
B. S. Granulosum
The following characteristics are true
for the tongue, except:
A. Striated musclebundles that run in 3
planes at right angles to the other two
B. With intrinsic and extrinsic muscle
attachment
C. Submucosa on the dorsal side
D. Lined by thick non-keratinized
epithelium in the ventral, keratinized
in the dorsal surface
C. Submucosa on the dorsal side
Aside from the lingual papillae, taste
buds can be found in which location?
A. Uvula
B. Hard palate
C. Posterior surface of epiglottis
D. Anterior wall of
pharynx
C. Posterior surface of epiglottis
Which gland is a mixed type of gland,
but predominantly serous?
A. Parotid gland
B. Submaxillary
gland
C. Sublingual gland
D. Von ebner
B. Submaxillary
gland
This differentiates the three segments
of pharynx, EXCEPT
A. Surface Epithelium
B. Presence of
Submucosa
C. Glands
D. Tunica Muscularis
D. Tunica Muscularis
Which part of the esophagus has a
distinct muscularis mucosae and has
glands in the lamina propria and
submucosa?
A. Proximal
B. Middle
C. Distal
D. None of the above
A. Proximal
A hormone secreted by
enteroendocrine cells found throughout
the entire GIT that stimulates gastric acid secretion.
A. Histamine
B. Somatostatin
C. Gastrin
D. Peptide YY
C. Gastrin
Which of the following glands is/are
classified as compound tubular glands
that are branched:
A. Pyloric gland
B. Cardiac gland
C. Fundic gland
D. B and C
B. Cardiac gland
Which of the ff are permanent or
effaced when the organ is filled?
A. Plicae semicirculares
B. Column of Morgagni
C. Plicae semilunaris
D. AOTA
B. Column of Morgagni
Which lobule shares the same
structural organization as a typical
exocrine gland?
A. Portal Lobule
B. Classic lobule
C. Rappaport
D. None of the Above
A. Portal Lobule
he following statements are true
regarding hepatic blood circulation,
EXCEPT:
A. In a classical lobule, blood flow is in
opposite direction to the flow of bile
B. The principal afferent blood supply
is via thenportal vein
C. The sinusoidal endothelium is of the
fenestrated type
D. The central vein is the terminal branch of the
portal vein
C. The sinusoidal endothelium is of the
fenestrated type
True of Canal of Hering
a. aberrant duct found at
gallbladder
neck
b. formed by
apposing cell
membranes
of
hepatocytes
c. found at
periphery of
classical
hepatic
lobules
d. evaginations
of mucosa after prolonged
distention
c. found at
periphery of
classical
hepatic
lobules
Spasmodic contraction that prevents
backflow … causes pancreatitis
A. Sphincter c
B. Sphincter longitudinalis
C. Sphincter pancreaticus
D. Sphincter ampullae
D. Sphincter ampullae
