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9749 H2 Physics > Practical/Planning > Flashcards

Practical/Planning Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a safety precaution when using oil/water?

A

Mop up spillages of oil/water

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2
Q

What are 3 safety precautions when using a load?

A
  • Cushion with sand in case load falls
  • Keep feet away
  • Keep distance from experiment
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3
Q

What is a safety precaution when using a ball?

A

Use a box with cushion to reduce bouncing/rolling

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4
Q

What is a safety precuation when using rotating/vibrating parts/pressure chamber?

A

Use a protective screen

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5
Q

What are 2 safety precautions when a hot body is used?

A
  • Wear heat insulating gloves.

* Do not touch hot objects.

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6
Q

What are 2 safety precautions when a light source is used?

A
  • Do not look directly at bright light source or wear dark glasses.
  • Laser must be pointed away from experimenter.
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7
Q

What are 2 safety precautions when a source is used?

A
  • Wear ear defenders

* Switch on sound source for short period of time.

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8
Q

What is a safety precaution when high voltage source is used?

A

Wear rubber gloves

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9
Q

What are 2 safety precautions when a normal/low voltage source is used?

A
  • Switch off power supply when not in use to avoid overheating of wire.
  • Do not touch coil because it is hot.
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10
Q

What are 3 safety precautions when radioactive items are used?

A
  • The source is handled by a tong.
  • The source is stored in a lead lined box when not in use.
  • Avoid pointing source at people or /do not look directly at source.
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11
Q

How to measure time when time <10s and time >10s ?

A

> 10s:
Detection - Eye
Measuring device - Stopwatch

< 10s:
Detection - Light gates
Measuring device - Electronic timer

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12
Q

How to measure length/distance across different ranges?

A

> 1.0 m:
Measuring tape

Between 0.10 m – 1.0 m:
Metre rule

< 0.10 m:
Vernier callipers/micrometer screw gauge/travelling microscope

Travelling microscope is used when physical contact
with body is not recommended.

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13
Q

How to measure volume?

A

Immerse the body in a beaker of water and measure the volume of water displaced using measuring cylinder.

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14
Q

How to measure mass?

A

Electronic balance

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15
Q

How to measure angle?

A

Protractor or trigonometric methods

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16
Q

How to measure instantenous speed of an object?

A 
detect using light gates
indirect measurement
speed v can be calculated using D/t
D = fixed distance between light gates
D kept small to get accurate instantenous speed
t = time taken to travel distance D

Diagram: two light gates connected to a timer.

17
Q

How to measure constant speed of a body? (slow speed)

A 
detection: eye
indirect measurement
speed v can be calculated by D/t
D = fixed distance using ruler
t = time taken to travel D
measured using stop watch
18
Q

How to measure fast speed?

A 
detect using light gates
fire a rifle
same as instanteous speed
speed v =D/t 
D = fixed distance between light gates
t = time taken
19
Q

How to measure speed of water?

A

Create: tap supplying water to water tank
speed v can be calculated using v = V/A
V = flow rate of water (use flow rate meter)
A = cross sectional area of pipe
Diagram: Tap connected to basin vertically downwards connected to flow ratemeter and then to water out

20
Q

How to measure wind speed?

A

Create: fan connected to variable power supply or has variable rotating speed
Direct measurement
Measure using wind speed detector

21
Q

How to measure pressure of air/liquid?

A

Create: Pump connected to chamber
Pressure of air is recorded and measured using pressure gauge.
Diagram: Pump connected to chamber connected to pressure gauge

22
Q

How to measure frequency of oscillating body?

A

f can be calcuated using f = 1/T
T = period of wave displayed on screen of CRO or time base x no. of division for one complete wave
Diagram: CRO connected to signal generator connected to oscillating body.

23
Q

How to measure force?

A

Direct measurement using newton meter
Measurement: Using newton meter/spring balance
Diagram: Slotted mass hanging from cable connected to newton meter

24
Q

How to measure angular speed of rotating body?

A

Connect body to shaft of electric motor
Detection device: Light gates
Angular speed calculated by 2π/T or 2πf
f measured by revolution counter or tachometer

25
Q

How to measure temperature of solid body?

A

Place object in water bath and use a heating element

Measurement using thermometer

26
Q

How to measure frequency of sound wave?

A

Detect using microphone connected to CRO
Create a loud speaker placed in front of a pipe
frequency calculated by 1/T
T = time base setting x no. of divisions for 1 complete wave

27
Q

How to measure speed of sound in air

A

Create long tube fitted with tap & filled with water, tuning fork sounded above the top of the tube.
v = fλ
λ = 2L
L = difference in height of water level for 2 positions where loud sound is heard.

28
Q

How to measure frequency of wire fixed between 2 ends?

A

Create an oscillator connected to a string secured by pulley and weight
Detect using eye
Measure using CRO
f = 1/T
T = time base setting x no of division for 1 wave on CRO.

29
Q

How to measure frequency of light?

A

Detect by eye using the microscope
Measuring device: Spectroscope
f calculated by dsinθ = n(c/f)
Diagram: lamp and collimator connected to microscope and diffraction grating at the centre.

30
Q

How to measure wavelength of microwave?

A

Create a microwave transmitter directed at a metal plate
Wavelength = 2 x L
L = distance moved by receiver for 2 consecutive positions where signal is at maximum.
Diagram: Transmitter connected to power suply directed to metal plate, with receiver connected to CRO in between

31
Q

How to measure magnetic flux density?

A

Create circular coil connected to a power supply
Detection using hall probe
Measurement: Voltmeter
B = kV, k is a constant that is calculated by putting the hall probe into a known magnetic field.

32
Q

State all additional details that should be considered.

A
  • Mulitple readings of D.V using the same value of I.V to minimise random error
  • Take preliminary readings in order to check range of I.V that causes significant change in D.V when readings are varied
  • Use spirit level to ensure that items are aligned
  • Repeat length measurements for different directions before taking average
  • Contrasting colours with background used to ensure that it is easier to observe position
  • Reduce external interference due to draughts by switching off fans
  • Method to keep C.V constant: same apparatus used to ensure values are constant (same spring for same spring constant)
  • Video camera used with playback feature to determine exact moment of motion

9749 H2 Physics (19 decks)

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