Oscillations Flashcards
Define simple harmonic motion and formula derived from it.
SHM is a periodic motion in which the acceleration of a body is directly proportional and in the opposite direction to the displacement from equilibrium position.
a = −xω^2 = − sin ωt
State the formulae of maximum velocity and acceleration in a SHM.
vmax = ω.xmax amax = ω^2.xmax
Define resonance.
Resonance is the phenomenon where a system oscillates at its maximum amplitude to an external driving force with the same frequency as the system’s natural frequency. There is maximum transfer of energy from the driving system to the oscillating system.
Define natural frequency.
Natural frequency is the frequency at which a system is able to receive energy at a maximum.
Define damping.
Damping occurs when there is an external force acting
on an object undergoing SHM.
Define light damping.
Light damping occurs when a damping force causes the amplitude of SHM to decrease exponentially over time.
Define heavy damping.
Heavy Damping occurs when a damping force causes a body undergoing SHM to return to equilibrium position and stop oscillating over a period of time longer than if the system were critically damped.
Define critical damping.
Critical damping occurs when a damping force causes a body undergoing SHM to return to equilibrium position and stop oscillating within the shortest possible time.
