practical - leading questions

Question 1

aim

Answer 1

to identify whether there are differences in the number of participants who respond correctly and incorrectly when asked a leading question about identification compared to a non-leading question on identification in eye witness recall

Question 2

independent variable

Answer 2

if the question was leading or non leading

Question 3

what was the leading question

Answer 3

which hand was the police officer holding the magnifying glass

Question 4

the non-leading question

Answer 4

what was the police officer holding

Question 5

dependent variable

Answer 5

whether they got the answer correct or incorrect

in order to get the question correct, they had to say there was a notepad or pen or that he wasn’t holding a magnifying glass

Question 6

experimental hypothesis (one-tailed)

Answer 6

the participants receiving the non-leading question will give more correct answers than the participants receiving the leading question about what the police officer was holding

Question 7

null hypothesis

Answer 7

there will be no significant difference between the correct answers in the group who received the leading question verses those who didn’t receive a leading question. Any difference will be due to chance factors

Question 8

sample

Answer 8

opportunity sample

17 years old
5 males
11 females
the people of stourbridge

Question 9

reason for choosing the sampling method

Answer 9

cheap and quick

more reflective of EWT - as people do not volunteer to watch a crime, they just happen to be there

Question 10

randomisation - how was it done

Answer 10

the room was split in half

people on the left were group A and people on the right were group B

Question 11

4 extraneous variables to consider and how they were controlled

Answer 11

5 questions in the questionnaire - so that ppts did not guess the aim of the study

leading question placed in the middle of the questionnaire - so it was less obvious what was being assessed

video clip was a staged clip with no violent crime, to avoid distress

experiment was tested in silence to prevent post-event information influencing the results and becoming a confounding variabloe

Question 12

standardised procedure:

Answer 12

ppts entered the room and sat down

ppts watched the video clip in silence

the room was then split in half and then they had to write down everything they remembered about the video clip

all ppts then answered the same 6 questions

Question 13

results

Answer 13

leading question: 5 correct, 3 incorrect

non-leading question: 3 correct, 5 incorrect

Question 14

which statistical test was used for the results

Answer 14

chi squared

Question 15

what was the observed value, critical value and significance level

Answer 15

observed value: 1
critical value; 2.71
significance level: 0.05

Question 16

conclusion for chi squared test

Answer 16

the observed value of 1 is lower than the critical value of 2.71. this means it isn’t significant at 0.05. therefore the null hypothesis that there will be no significant difference in the correct answers of those who were asked leading questions compared to those who asked non-leading questions is accepted.

Question 17

conclusion

Answer 17

leading questions do not distort memory when used in EWT

Question 18

NEED TO GRAVE

Answer 18

NEED TO GRAVE