labelling theory - social cause

Question 1

labelling

Answer 1

giving a person a label which represents the expectations people have of them

Question 2

retrospective labelling

Answer 2

reinterpreting someones past in the light of how someone has been labelled

Question 3

projective labelling

Answer 3

using a label for someone who is already stigmatised to say what will happen to that person in the future

Question 4

formal labelling

Answer 4

whether the person has ever been processed by the criminal justice system

Question 5

stigma

Answer 5

powerful negative label that affects someone’s self-concept

Question 6

Becker - 5 stages of how a deviant label can become a ‘master status’

Answer 6

publicly labelled - may lead to rejection from several social groups

further deviance

official treatment of deviance - may then make it harder to find jobs etc.

deviant career - as part of an organised deviant group

master status - overrides all other identities and forms of relationship outside of the deviant group

Question 7

Supporting Research - Chircos et al (2007)

Answer 7

found that those who had been given the ‘felony’ label has a significantly increased probability of subsequent convictions compared to those who had committed a felony but had not been labelled

95919 offenders records were used