Practical I

Question 1

contraindications

Answer 1

pregnancy
pacemaker
cardiac conditions
open wound
cognitive/sensory impairments
known adverse reaction or sensitivity to electrical stimulation or the drug

Question 2

ultrasound sizes

Answer 2

3cm - lateral elbow, carpal bone

5cm - bicep, shoulder

Question 3

ultrasound cycle types and what they are used for

Answer 3

thermal/heat - continuous: for stretching a muscle

non-thermal - pulsed: for inflammation (20% on machine)

Question 4

ultrasound MHz

Answer 4

1 - deeper tissues, heats up slower (shoulder)

3 - more shallow, heats up faster (hand/elbow)

Question 5

ultrasound watts/cm2

Answer 5

0.8-1.0 - tissue healing (start here - for 1MHz can increase)
do not go past 1.8

Question 6

how to use ultrasound

Answer 6

clean skin, apply gel, turn on device and adjust settings, continuous circular motions

Question 7

TENS use and electrode placement

Answer 7

pain

bracket pain with electrodes (doesn’t matter red/black)1

Question 8

TENS settings steps

Answer 8

clean skin, check for contraindications
plug in electrodes 
adjust to TENS by pressing M/II
select hand or shoulder
press U1 with the body part button
S - time doesn't matter
S - frequency
S - width
S - to close
\+ to turn on

Question 9

TENS high frequency

Answer 9

100 MHz, gate theory

Question 10

TENS low frequency

Answer 10

10 MHz, endogenous pain control

Question 11

TENS width

Answer 11

100-200 for small muscles (wrist?)
300 microseconds for hand
at least 400 for large muscles

Question 12

NMES use and electrode placement

Answer 12

movement, ROM, contraction, strengthen mx

2 in apart, negative (black) goes over mx belly, positive (red) goes below the black

Question 13

NMES steps

Answer 13

clean skin, check for contraindications
plug in electrodes 
adjust to NMES by pressing M/II
select hand or shoulder
press U1 with the body part button
S - time doesn't matter
S - PPS
S - width
S - ramp time
S - ratio time
S - to close
\+ to turn on

Question 14

NMES ramp

Answer 14

3-5 sec

Question 15

NMES ratio

Answer 15

1:4

Question 16

NMES PPS

Answer 16

small mx: 30-35

large mx: 40-50

Question 17

NMES width

Answer 17

?

Question 18

iontophoresis electrode placement

Answer 18

directly over the painful area

use all 4; same electrodes go across each other

Question 19

iontophoresis where does the medicine go

Answer 19

in the coinciding pouch (neg medicine in neg compartment)

Question 20

iontophoresis steps

Answer 20

clean skin, check for contraindications
plug in electrodes
adjust to IF by pressing M/II
select hand or shoulder
use program 1
one channel 4000 HZ, other at 4100 HZ, cancels out so you feel 100
increase amplitude on R side (L adjusts itself)