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Biology Lab > Practical Exam 2 > Flashcards

Practical Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does glycolysis occur

A

cytoplasm

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2
Q

What are the starting and ending products of glycolysis

A

Starting: 6 Carbon Glucose molecule
Ending: 2 ATP, NADH, and Pyruvate

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3
Q

Folds in the inner membrane of Mitochondria

A

Cristae

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4
Q

Soluble enzymes within the inner membrane of mitochondria

A

Matrix

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5
Q

Where does the Krebs cycle occur

A

Mitochondrial Matrix

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6
Q

What are the ending products of the Krebs cycle

A

CO2, 2 ATP, NADH, FADH

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7
Q

Where does the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) occur

A

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

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8
Q

What are the ending products of the Electron Transport Chain

A

34 ATP and Water (H2O)

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9
Q

Form of anaerobic respiration that occurs in yeast

A

Alcohol Fermentation

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10
Q

Form of anaerobic respiration that occurs in bacteria and mammalian muscle cells

A

Lactic Acid Fermentation

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11
Q

How does aerobic respiration differ from anaerobic respiration

A

Aerobic occurs with the presence of oxygen, and produces more energy

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12
Q

What is the balanced equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + 6O2 —> 6H2O + 6CO2 + Energy (36 ATP)

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13
Q

What is a respirometer

A

An airtight system to test respiration

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14
Q

Why is potassium hydroxide (chalk) used in a respirometer

A

To absorb CO2

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15
Q

How does tetrazolium chloride react with live embryo seeds

A

Electrons pass along the ETC and react with the tetrazolium chloride to change it from clear to red

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16
Q

What factor make some pigments move farther than others on paper chromatography

A

Different affinities for the solvent

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17
Q

What are the four pigments during paper chromatography

A

Chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a, xanthrophyll, carotenes

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18
Q

How do you calculate Rf on chromatogram paper

A

distance solute traveled / distance solvent traveled

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19
Q

Where do light reactions occur

A

Thylakoid membrane

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20
Q

What are light reactions products

A

ATP, NADH and Oxygen

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21
Q

Where do dark reactions occur

A

Within the stroma of chloroplast

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22
Q

What does the calvin cycle produce from CO2

A

Sugar

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23
Q

Uses chemical energy produced in light reactions to fix carbon

A

Dark reactions

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24
Q

What organelle does photosynthesis occur

A

Chloroplast

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25
Why does chlorophyll appear green
Because chlorophyll reflects green light
26
What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
27
Why does phenol red change from yellow back to red
Because the plant is respirating and absorbing CO2
28
Identify parts of chloroplast
Thylakoid, Grana, Stroma, Channel, Inner membrane, outer membrane, starch grain, intermembrane space
29
What are the five main phases of eukaryotic cell cycle
G1 (Gap phase 1), S (Synthesis), G2 (Gap phase 2), M (Mitosis), and C (Cytokinesis)
30
What occurs during G1 (Gap phase 1)
Cell growth
31
What occurs during Synthesis
DNA is duplicated
32
What occurs during G2 (Gap phase 2)
Mitotic structures are produced
33
What type of cells undergo mitosis
Eukaryotic cells
34
What type of cells undergo meiosis
Reproductive cells (sperm, egg)
35
In animal cells, constriction of actin filaments produces a
Cleavage furrow
36
In plant cells, plasma membrane forms a ________ between the nuclei
Cell plate
37
What are the stages of mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
38
Which phase of mitosis does the nucleolus/nuclear envelope disappear, chromosomes form, and centrioles migrate towards opposite poles
Prophase
39
Which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the equator and spindle fibers grow towards chromosomes
Metaphase
40
Which phase of mitosis do spindle fibers attach to centromeres and sister chromatids are separated
Anaphase
41
Which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope begin to form around chromosomes
Telophase
42
T/F: Mitosis results in two identical haploid cells
False; Results in two identical diploid cells (46 chromosomes)
43
Meiosis results in four ________ cells
Haploid
44
Chromosome that codes for the same traits as another chromosome, but not necessarily the same form of trait
Homologous chromosome
45
Joining of chromosome pairs
Synapsis
46
Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids
Crossing over
47
Unit of heredity, a section of DNA that controls a certain trait (Eye Color, Skin color)
Gene
48
A specific variation of a gene (Blue eyes, Black skin)
Allele
49
Outward appearance of an organism
Phenotype
50
Representation of all alleles in an organism for a particular trait/genetic makeup
Genotype
51
Allele that gets expressed and is seen in the phenotype
Dominant
52
Allele that does not get expressed
Recessive
53
condition in which both alleles for a gene are expressed when present (Blood type)
Codominance
54
one allele is not completely dominant over the other (blend) heterozygous condition somewhere in between (Flowers)
Incomplete dominance
55
Negative DNA travels towards positive electrode in an electric field
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
56
two strands that are arranged into a ladder-like structure called a double helix, consists of a phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base
DNA
57
Used to rupture the cell during DNA extraction
Homogenization Medium
58
Denatures the enzymes during DNA extraction
Protease
59
Forms a white precipitate from DNA to visualize
Ice cold ethanol
60
Universal blood recipient
AB+
61
Universal blood donor
O-

Biology Lab (5 decks)

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