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Biology Lab > Practical Exam 2 > Flashcards

Practical Exam 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where does glycolysis occur

A

cytoplasm

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2
Q

What are the starting and ending products of glycolysis

A

Starting: 6 Carbon Glucose molecule
Ending: 2 ATP, NADH, and Pyruvate

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3
Q

Folds in the inner membrane of Mitochondria

A

Cristae

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4
Q

Soluble enzymes within the inner membrane of mitochondria

A

Matrix

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5
Q

Where does the Krebs cycle occur

A

Mitochondrial Matrix

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6
Q

What are the ending products of the Krebs cycle

A

CO2, 2 ATP, NADH, FADH

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7
Q

Where does the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) occur

A

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

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8
Q

What are the ending products of the Electron Transport Chain

A

34 ATP and Water (H2O)

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9
Q

Form of anaerobic respiration that occurs in yeast

A

Alcohol Fermentation

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10
Q

Form of anaerobic respiration that occurs in bacteria and mammalian muscle cells

A

Lactic Acid Fermentation

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11
Q

How does aerobic respiration differ from anaerobic respiration

A

Aerobic occurs with the presence of oxygen, and produces more energy

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12
Q

What is the balanced equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + 6O2 —> 6H2O + 6CO2 + Energy (36 ATP)

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13
Q

What is a respirometer

A

An airtight system to test respiration

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14
Q

Why is potassium hydroxide (chalk) used in a respirometer

A

To absorb CO2

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15
Q

How does tetrazolium chloride react with live embryo seeds

A

Electrons pass along the ETC and react with the tetrazolium chloride to change it from clear to red

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16
Q

What factor make some pigments move farther than others on paper chromatography

A

Different affinities for the solvent

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17
Q

What are the four pigments during paper chromatography

A

Chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a, xanthrophyll, carotenes

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18
Q

How do you calculate Rf on chromatogram paper

A

distance solute traveled / distance solvent traveled

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19
Q

Where do light reactions occur

A

Thylakoid membrane

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20
Q

What are light reactions products

A

ATP, NADH and Oxygen

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21
Q

Where do dark reactions occur

A

Within the stroma of chloroplast

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22
Q

What does the calvin cycle produce from CO2

A

Sugar

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23
Q

Uses chemical energy produced in light reactions to fix carbon

A

Dark reactions

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24
Q

What organelle does photosynthesis occur

A

Chloroplast

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25
Q

Why does chlorophyll appear green

A

Because chlorophyll reflects green light

26
Q

What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

27
Q

Why does phenol red change from yellow back to red

A

Because the plant is respirating and absorbing CO2

28
Q

Identify parts of chloroplast

A

Thylakoid, Grana, Stroma, Channel, Inner membrane, outer membrane, starch grain, intermembrane space

29
Q

What are the five main phases of eukaryotic cell cycle

A

G1 (Gap phase 1), S (Synthesis), G2 (Gap phase 2), M (Mitosis), and C (Cytokinesis)

30
Q

What occurs during G1 (Gap phase 1)

A

Cell growth

31
Q

What occurs during Synthesis

A

DNA is duplicated

32
Q

What occurs during G2 (Gap phase 2)

A

Mitotic structures are produced

33
Q

What type of cells undergo mitosis

A

Eukaryotic cells

34
Q

What type of cells undergo meiosis

A

Reproductive cells (sperm, egg)

35
Q

In animal cells, constriction of actin filaments produces a

A

Cleavage furrow

36
Q

In plant cells, plasma membrane forms a ________ between the nuclei

A

Cell plate

37
Q

What are the stages of mitosis

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

38
Q

Which phase of mitosis does the nucleolus/nuclear envelope disappear, chromosomes form, and centrioles migrate towards opposite poles

A

Prophase

39
Q

Which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the equator and spindle fibers grow towards chromosomes

A

Metaphase

40
Q

Which phase of mitosis do spindle fibers attach to centromeres and sister chromatids are separated

A

Anaphase

41
Q

Which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope begin to form around chromosomes

A

Telophase

42
Q

T/F: Mitosis results in two identical haploid cells

A

False; Results in two identical diploid cells (46 chromosomes)

43
Q

Meiosis results in four ________ cells

A

Haploid

44
Q

Chromosome that codes for the same traits as another chromosome, but not necessarily the same form of trait

A

Homologous chromosome

45
Q

Joining of chromosome pairs

A

Synapsis

46
Q

Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids

A

Crossing over

47
Q

Unit of heredity, a section of DNA that controls a certain trait (Eye Color, Skin color)

A

Gene

48
Q

A specific variation of a gene (Blue eyes, Black skin)

A

Allele

49
Q

Outward appearance of an organism

A

Phenotype

50
Q

Representation of all alleles in an organism for a particular trait/genetic makeup

A

Genotype

51
Q

Allele that gets expressed and is seen in the phenotype

A

Dominant

52
Q

Allele that does not get expressed

A

Recessive

53
Q

condition in which both alleles for a gene are expressed when present (Blood type)

A

Codominance

54
Q

one allele is not completely dominant over the other (blend) heterozygous condition somewhere in between (Flowers)

A

Incomplete dominance

55
Q

Negative DNA travels towards positive electrode in an electric field

A

Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

56
Q

two strands that are arranged into a ladder-like structure called a double helix, consists of a phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base

A

DNA

57
Q

Used to rupture the cell during DNA extraction

A

Homogenization Medium

58
Q

Denatures the enzymes during DNA extraction

A

Protease

59
Q

Forms a white precipitate from DNA to visualize

A

Ice cold ethanol

60
Q

Universal blood recipient

A

AB+

61
Q

Universal blood donor

A

O-

Biology Lab (5 decks)

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