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Anatomy and Physiology (Sem 2) > Practical > Flashcards

Practical Flashcards

1
Q

Where do T-cells mature?

A

Thymus

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2
Q

What are organized regions of the adaptive immune cells that allow for antigen specific immune responses?

A

Lymphoid follicles

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3
Q

What are clusters of lymphoid follicles in the wall of the distal portion of the small intestine?

A

Peyer’s Patches

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4
Q

What is the structure labeled A?

A

Capsule

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5
Q

What is the structure labeled B?

A

Subcapsullar Sinus

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6
Q

What is the structure labeled C?

A

Outer Cortex

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7
Q

What is the structure labeled D?

A

Trabecular Sinus

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8
Q

What is the structure labeled E?

A

Germinal Center

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9
Q

What is the structure labeled F?

A

Trabecula

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10
Q

What is the structure labeled G?

A

Inner cortex

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11
Q

What is the structure labeled H?

A

Medullary Sinus

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12
Q

What is the structure labeled I?

A

Medulla

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13
Q

What is the left arrow pointing to?

A

Cortex

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14
Q

What is the middle arrow pointing to?

A

Medulla

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15
Q

What is the right arrow pointing to?

A

Hillum

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16
Q

What is the top arrow pointing to, and what cells are there?

A

Germinal Center (dark zone)

Proliferating and hypermutating B cells (centroblasts)

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17
Q

What is the middle arrow pointing to, and what cells are there?

A

Germinal Center (light)

Specified B cells (Centrocytes)

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18
Q

What is the bottom arrow pointing to, and what cells are there?

A

Mantle

Naive B-cells

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19
Q

What is this?

A

Hassall’s Corpuscle

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20
Q

What is the top arrow pointing to?

A

White pulp - lymphoid follicle

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21
Q

What is the bottom arrow pointing to?

A

Red pulp

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22
Q

What stains dendritic cells?

A

Fascin

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23
Q

What is positive selection?

A

Survival dependant on being able to bind to MHC molecule

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24
Q

What is negative selection

A

Survival dependent on not recognizing self-antigen

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25
Q

What is the name of lymph nodes in the underarm area?

A

Axillary

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26
Q

What is the name of lymph nodes in the small intestinal connective tissue?

A

Mesenteric

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27
Q

What is the name of lymph nodes in the groin area?

A

Inguinal

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28
Q

What is the most superior tonsil?

A

Tubal

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29
Q

What is the second most superior tonsil?

A

Pharangeal

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30
Q

What are the visible tonsils at the back of the throat?

A

Palatine

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31
Q

What is the tonsil under the tongue?

A

Lingual

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32
Q

What stains dendritic cells?

A

Fascin

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33
Q

What is positive selection?

A

Survival dependant on being able to bind to MHC molecule

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34
Q

What is negative selection

A

Survival dependent on not recognizing self-antigen

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35
Q

What is the name of lymph nodes in the underarm area?

A

Axillary

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36
Q

What is the name of lymph nodes in the small intestinal connective tissue?

A

Mesenteric

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37
Q

What is the name of lymph nodes in the groin area?

A

Inguinal

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38
Q

What kind of tissue is in the respiratory system?

A

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithalial Tissue

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39
Q

What are the open spaces inside of the trachea and bronchi called?

A

Lumen

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40
Q

What are the sections of this lung structure?

A
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41
Q

What kinds of cells are these?

A

Club Cells

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42
Q

What is this?

A

Bronchiole

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43
Q

What is the volume labeled A, and what is that volume in mL?

A

Inspiratory Volume

3100 mL M

1900 mL F

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44
Q

What is the volume labeled B, and what is that volume in mL?

A

Tidal Volume

500 mL

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45
Q

What is the volume labeled C, and what is that volume in mL?

A

Expiratory Volume

1200 mL M

700 mL F

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46
Q

What is the volume labeled D, and what is that volume in mL?

A

Residual Volume

1200 mL M

1100 mL F

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47
Q

What is the capacity labeled E?

A

Inspiratory capacity

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48
Q

What is the capacity labeled F?

A

Functional Residual Capacity

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49
Q

What is the capacity labeled G?

A

Vital Capacity

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50
Q

What is the capacity labeled H?

A

Total Lung Capacity

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51
Q

What is the term for when exhalation is dampened?

A

Obstructive

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52
Q

What is the term for when inhalation is dampened?

A

Restrictive

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53
Q

Which diseases have dampened exhalation?

A

COPD

Chronic bronchitis

Obstructive emphysema

Asthma

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54
Q

Which diseases have dampened inhalation?

A

Scarring from pneumonia

Tuberculosis

Neurologic and muscular diseases

Structural abnormalities of the spine and chest wall deformities

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55
Q

What pressure should be lowest to prevent pneumothorax?

A

Intrapleural Pressure

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56
Q

What are the three sections of the small intestine, and how do you tell them apart?

A

–Duodenum: Brunner’s glands, crypts

–Jejunum: Long villi and crypts– no B. glands, no Peyer’s (even though they do exist there)

–Ileum: crypts and Peyers patch party

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57
Q

What are the layers of the digestive tract in order from deep to superficial?

A

Mucosa

Submucosa

Muscularis

Serosa (esophagus), Advantitia (everywhere else)

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58
Q

How do you distinguish the esophagus from the trachea?

A

Trachea has C-ring cartilage

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59
Q

What are the main salivary glands?

A

Submandibular

Sublingual

Parotid

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60
Q

What is the center of a tooth composed of?

A

Dentin

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61
Q

What is a hexagonal liver cell called?

A

Lobule

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62
Q

What are the two vessels found in liver cells?

A

Portal Vein

Hepatic Artery

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63
Q

What cells secrete pancreatic juice?

A

Acini cells

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64
Q

What are the light-staining clusters in the pancreas?

A

Langerhaans

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65
Q

What makes up the portal tetrad?

A

Bile Duct

Lymphoid Drainage

Hepatic Portal Vein

Hepatic Artery

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66
Q

What are the sections of the stomach?

A

Cardia

Fundus

Body

Pyloric Atrium

Pylorus

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67
Q

What are the sections of the large intestine?

A

Appendix

Cecum

Ascending, Transverse, Descending

Sigmoid

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68
Q

What are the folds in the stomach called?

A

Rugae

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69
Q

What is the vessel labeled B?

A

Abdominal Aorta

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70
Q

What is the vessel labeled C?

A

Celiac Trunk

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71
Q

What is the vessel labeled D?

A

Common Hepatic

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72
Q

What is the vessel labeled E?

A

Right Renal

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73
Q

What is the vessel labeled F?

A

Right Deep Femoral

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74
Q

What is the vessel labeled G?

A

Thoracic Aorta

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75
Q

What is the vessel labeled H?

A

Diaphragm

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76
Q

What is the vessel labeled I?

A

Left gastric

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77
Q

What is the vessel labeled J?

A

Splenic

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78
Q

What is the vessel labeled K?

A

Left Renal

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79
Q

What is the vessel labeled L?

A

Superior Mesenteric

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80
Q

What is the vessel labeled M?

A

Left Gonadal

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81
Q

What is the vessel labeled N?

A

Inferior Mesenteric

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82
Q

What is the vessel labeled O?

A

Left common iliac

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83
Q

What is the vessel labeled P?

A

Left External Iliac

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84
Q

What is the vessel labeled Q?

A

Left Internal Iliac

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85
Q

What is the vessel labeled R?

A

Left Femoral

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86
Q

What is the vessel labeled S?

A

Left Deep Femoral

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87
Q

What is the vessel labeled T?

A

Left popliteal

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88
Q

What is the vessel labeled U?

A

Left Anterior Tibial

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89
Q

What is the vessel labeled V?

A

Left posterior Tibial

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90
Q

What is the vessel labeled W?

A

Left Fibular

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91
Q

What is the vessel labeled 1?

A

Abdominal Aorta

92
Q

What is the vessel labeled 2?

A

Left Gastric

93
Q

What is the vessel labeled 3?

A

Splenic

94
Q

What is the vessel labeled 4?

A

Common Hepatic

95
Q

What is the vessel labeled 5?

A

Hepatic Artery Proper

96
Q

What is the vessel labeled 6?

A

Gastroduodenal

97
Q

What is the vessel labeled 7?

A

Right Gastroepoploic

98
Q

What is the vessel labeled 8?

A

Left Renal

99
Q

What is the vessel labeled 9?

A

Right Renal

100
Q

What is the vessel labeled 10?

A

Superior Mesenteric

101
Q

What is the vessel labeled 11?

A

Jujunal

102
Q

What is the vessel labeled 12?

A

Middle Colic

103
Q

What is the vessel labeled 13?

A

Right Colic

104
Q

What is the vessel labeled 14?

A

Iliocolic

105
Q

What is the vessel labeled 15?

A

Inferior Mesenteric

106
Q

What is the vessel labeled 16?

A

Left Colic

107
Q

What is the vessel labeled 17?

A

Sigmoid

108
Q

What is the vessel labeled 18?

A

Superior Rectal

109
Q

What is the vessel labeled 19?

A

Left Iliac

110
Q

What is the vessel labeled 20?

A

Right Iliac

111
Q

What is the vessel labeled 21?

A

Right External Iliac

112
Q

What is the vessel labeled 22?

A

Left External Iliac

113
Q

What is the vessel labeled 23?

A

Right Internal Iliac

114
Q

What is the vessel labeled 24?

A

Left Internal Iliac

115
Q

What is the vessel labeled 25?

A

Left and Right Superior Gluteal

116
Q

What is the vessel labeled 26?

A

Left Obturator

117
Q

What is the vessel labeled 27?

A

Left Gonadal

118
Q

What is the vessel labeled 28?

A

Right Gonadal

119
Q

What is the anterior vessel labeled 1?

A

Femoral

120
Q

What is the anterior vessel labeled 2?

A

Deep Femoral

121
Q

What is the anterior vessel labeled 3?

A

Lateral Circumflex

122
Q

What is the anterior vessel labeled 4?

A

Medial Circumflex

123
Q

What is the anterior vessel labeled 5?

A

Great Saphenous Vein

124
Q

What is the anterior vessel labeled 6?

A

Anterior Tibial

125
Q

What is the anterior vessel labeled 7?

A

Dorsalis Pedis

126
Q

What is the posterior vessel labeled 1?

A

Femoral

127
Q

What is the posterior vessel labeled 2?

A

Popliteal

128
Q

What is the posterior vessel labeled 3?

A

Anterior Tibial

129
Q

What is the posterior vessel labeled 4?

A

Posterior Tibial

130
Q

What is the posterior vessel labeled 5?

A

Lesser Saphenous Vein

131
Q

What is the posterior vessel labeled 6?

A

Fibular Artery

132
Q

What are the roles of the urinary system?

A

Filtration, Reabsorption and Secretion

Gluconeogenesis

Hormone production

Vitamin D metabolism

133
Q

What are the glands that sit atop the kidneys?

A

Adrenal Glands

134
Q

What are the tubes leading out of the kidneys to the bladder?

A

Ureters

135
Q

How much blood do the kidneys filter?

A

200L / day

136
Q

What are the main branches of arteries leading to the kidneys?

A

Renal

Segmental

Interlobar

137
Q

What are the main branches of veins leading away from the kidneys?

A

Arcuate

Interlobar

Renal

138
Q

What are the two types of nephron?

A

Cortical

Juxtamedullary

139
Q

What is the structure labeled A?

A

Cortex

140
Q

What is the structure labeled B?

A

Medulla

141
Q

What is the structure labeled C?

A

Renal Column

142
Q

What is the structure labeled D?

A

Minor Calyses

143
Q

What is the structure labeled E?

A

Renal Papillae

144
Q

What is the structure labeled F?

A

Renal Pyramids

145
Q

What is the structure labeled G?

A

Major Calyces

146
Q

What is the structure labeled H?

A

Renal Pelvis

147
Q

What is the structure labeled I?

A

Ureter

148
Q

What is the structure labeled A?

A

Distal Convoluted Tubule

149
Q

What is the structure labeled B?

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

150
Q

What is the structure labeled C?

A

Renal Corpuscles

151
Q

What is the structure labeled D?

A

Collecting Duct

152
Q

What is the structure labeled E?

A

Cortex

153
Q

What is the structure labeled F?

A

Descending Limb of Loop of Henle

154
Q

What is the structure labeled G?

A

Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle

155
Q

What is the structure labeled H?

A

Outer Medulla

156
Q

What is the structure labeled I?

A

Inner Medulla

157
Q

What is the structure labeled J?

A

Papillary Duct

158
Q

What are the roles of the urinary system?

A

Filtration, Reabsorption and Secretion

Gluconeogenesis

Hormone production

Vitamin D metabolism

159
Q

What are the glands that sit atop the kidneys?

A

Adrenal Glands

160
Q

What are the tubes leading out of the kidneys to the bladder?

A

Ureters

161
Q

How much blood do the kidneys filter?

A

200L / day

162
Q

Is this the cortex or the medulla?

A

Cortex: Corpuscles

163
Q

Is this the cortex or the medulla?

A

Medulla

164
Q

Is this the cortex or the medulla?

A

Medulla

165
Q

Where are we? How can you tell?

A

Collecting Duct

Intercalated Cells

166
Q

What is in the box?

A

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

167
Q

Where are the PCTs?

A

Fuzzy, pink insides

168
Q

What are the main branches of arteries leading to the kidneys?

A

Renal

Segmental

Interlobar

169
Q

What are the main branches of veins leading away from the kidneys?

A

Arcuate

Interlobar

Renal

170
Q

What are the two types of nephron?

A

Cortical

Juxtamedullary

171
Q

What is the structure labeled A?

A

Cortex

172
Q

What is the structure labeled B?

A

Medulla

173
Q

What is the structure labeled C?

A

Renal Column

174
Q

What is the structure labeled D?

A

Minor Calyses

175
Q

What is the structure labeled E?

A

Renal Papillae

176
Q

What is the structure labeled F?

A

Renal Pyramids

177
Q

What is the structure labeled G?

A

Major Calyces

178
Q

What is the structure labeled H?

A

Renal Pelvis

179
Q

What is the structure labeled I?

A

Ureter

180
Q

What is the structure labeled A?

A

Distal Convoluted Tubule

181
Q

What is the structure labeled I?

A

Inner Medulla

182
Q

What is the structure labeled J?

A

Papillary Duct

183
Q

What is the structure labeled H?

A

Outer Medulla

184
Q

What amount of protein should urine contain?

A

None

185
Q

What are visible on the glomerulus (cell structures)?

A

Podocytes

Foot Processes

Filtration Slits

186
Q

What is the opposite of clear urine?

A

Turbid

187
Q

How do different foods affect the pH of urine?

A

Meat and Eggs are more acidic

Fruits and Vegetables are more alkaline

188
Q

What is the structure labeled G?

A

Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle

189
Q

Is this the cortex or the medulla?

A

Medulla

190
Q

Where are the PCTs?

A

Fuzzy, pink insides

191
Q

What is in the box?

A

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

192
Q

Where are we? How can you tell?

A

Collecting Duct

Intercalated Cells

193
Q

Is this the cortex or the medulla?

A

Medulla

194
Q

Is this the cortex or the medulla?

A

Cortex: Corpuscles

195
Q

What is the structure labeled F?

A

Descending Limb of Loop of Henle

196
Q

What tissues make up the male and female urethra?

A

Proximal Male and Female: Pseudostratified Columnar

Distal Male and female: Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelial

197
Q

What is the structure labeled E?

A

Cortex

198
Q

What is the structure labeled D?

A

Collecting Duct

199
Q

What is the structure labeled C?

A

Renal Corpuscles

200
Q

What is the structure labeled B?

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

201
Q

How do different foods affect the pH of urine?

A

Meat and Eggs are more acidic

Fruits and Vegetables are more alkaline

202
Q

What amount of protein should urine contain?

A

None

203
Q

What are visible on the glomerulus (cell structures)?

A

Podocytes

Foot Processes

Filtration Slits

204
Q

What is the opposite of clear urine?

A

Turbid

205
Q

What tissues make up the male and female urethra?

A

Proximal Male and Female: Pseudostratified Columnar

Distal Male and female: Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelial

206
Q

What are the structures in the spermatic cord?

A

Pampiniform Plexus

Vas Deferens

Cremaster Muscle

Testicular Artery

Lymphatic tissue

207
Q

What are the main components of semen?

A

Citric Acid

Prostaglandin

Amino Acids

208
Q

What are the layers of the testes, from deep to superficial?

A

Tunica Albuginia

Tunica Vaginalis (cremaster muscle)

Internal Spermatic Fascia

External Spermatic Fascia

Dartos Muscle

Epidermis/Cutaneous

209
Q

What are the two main bodies in a cross section of the penis?

A

Corpus Cavernosum

210
Q

What is the blood vessel running along the top of the penis?

A

Dorsal Vein

211
Q

What are the fingerlike protrusions on the ovaries?

A

Fimbriae

212
Q

What are the green arrows pointing to?

A

Spermatogonium

213
Q

What are the yellow arrows pointing to?

A

Sertoli Cells

214
Q

What are the red arrows pointing to?

A

Primary Spermatocytes

215
Q

What are the blue arrows pointing to?

A

Secondary Spermatocytes

216
Q

What are the teal arrows pointing to?

A

Spermatids

217
Q

Where is this tissue located?

A

Epididymus

218
Q

What stage is the follicle in? What about the oocyte?

A

Primordial Follicle

Primary Oocyte

219
Q

What stage is the follicle in? What about the oocyte?

A

Primary follicle

Primary oocyte

220
Q

What stage is the follicle in? What about the oocyte?

A

Secondary follicle

Primary oocyte

221
Q

What stage is the follicle in? What about the oocyte?

A

Mature follicle

Secondary oocyte

222
Q

Where in this tissue located?

A

Fallopian Tube

223
Q

What is the ‘head’ of the penis called? What about the ‘crown’?

A

Glans penis

Corona

224
Q

What are the two types of tissues in the penis?

A

Corpora Cavernosa

Corpora Spongiosum

225
Q

What is the division between the testes?

A

Scrotal Septum

Anatomy and Physiology (Sem 2) (13 decks)

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