Lecture Exam 1

Question 1

Which of the following traits of growth hormone are true?
I. It is a water-soluble hormone, and therefore does not require a carrier protein in the bloodstream.
II. It causes increased lipogenesis in adipocytes.
III. Hypersecretion of GH in a child causes a condition known as acromegaly.
IV. It is produced and stored by somatotrophs in the posterior pituitary gland until needed.

Answer 1

I Only

Question 2

The most prevalent form of Thyroid hormone naturally present in the body is…?
The active form of Thyroid Hormone is…?

Answer 2

T4, T3

Question 3

If you crammed for this test the night before, you likely felt some stress coming into the lecture hall today. Which of the following options are true about cortisol, otherwise known as the “stress hormone”?

i. It causes glycerol and fatty acids to be released into the blood via increased lipolysis of adipocytes.
ii. One of the symptoms of chronic hypersecretion of cortisol is commonly known as a “moon face”.
iii. It is produced by chromaffin cells in the zona fasciclata of the adrenal cortex
iv. The precursor hormone for cortisol, ACTH, is produced by corticotroph cells in the posterior pituitary gland.

Answer 3

i and ii

Question 4

A cell releases a hormone that enters a neighboring cell, binds to a receptor in the cytosol, and then causes synthesis of mRNA. Which of the following terms COULD correctly classify the hormone?

i. Paracrine
ii. Biogenic Amine
iii. Lipid Soluble
iv. Steriod

Answer 4

i, ii, iii, and iv.

Question 5

A patient has been administering testosterone exogenously for a few years. Lately, the desired effects have seemed to decrease. What could be happening?

i. Hormone receptors on the cell membrane are downregulated.
ii. Hormone receptors in the cytosol are downregulated
iii. The half-life of testosterone has decreased
iv. the half-life of testosterone has increased

Answer 5

ii Only

Question 6

A patient presents to a routine check up with complaints of oligomenorrhea, weight gain, and fatigue. The phyysician notes the presence of a cervical fat pad. A blood test reveals that ACTH is at low levels in the blood. What is most likely causing these symptoms in the patient?

Answer 6

Adrenal cortex tumor

Question 7

One treatment for hyperthyroidism is administering I-131, radioactive iodine, to “cook” the thyroid itself. What step of TH formation allows for this to work?

Answer 7

Iodide is moved by active transport into follicular cell

Question 8

A 50-year-old male patient complaining of vision loss, and an increase in thirst, has diabetes mellitus, but he thinks there is something else wrong. After running a series of tests, you diagnose him with acromegaly. What would make this diagnosis conclusive?

Answer 8

Excessive stimulation of somatotropic cells

Question 9

Upon coming into contact with a cell, what will TH do next?

Answer 9

Form a hormone-receptor complex once passing through the plasma membrane

Question 10

The effects felt during the first stage of the stress response can best be attributed to which hormone(s)?

Answer 10

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Question 11

What explains the mechanism contributing to Goiter formation?

Answer 11

Stimulation by TSH occurs without formation of TH.

Question 12

Which of the following components belong to the ‘buffy coat’ in a tube of centrifuged blood?

i. albumin
ii. platelets
iii. leukocytes
iv. fibrinogen

Answer 12

ii and iii

Question 13

Mountaineers need to aclimate. What hormone is responsible for altering the number of eyrthrocytes thtoughout your body to fit its oxygen needs?

a. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
b. Transferrin
c. Erythropoietin
d. Antidieuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 13

C. Erythropoietin

Question 14

True or False: The interior surface of a blood vessel is typically coated with an eicosanoid, called prostacyclin, which normally prevents thrombocytes from sticking to the blood vessel wall when they flow by.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What effects occur when someone has lost over 10% of their blood volume?

i. vasoconstriction of blood vessels
ii. increased heart rate
iii. shunting of blood to heart and GI tract
iv. Increased force of contraction.

Answer 15

i, ii, and iv.

Question 16

What is unique about erythropoiesis compared to the other pathways of hemopoiesis?

Answer 16

It is the only pathway that needs a hormone for completion

Question 17

Hemophilia is a group of blood disorders caused by genetic mutations. Which of the following is true about hemophilia?

i. patients are deficient in a specific clotting factor
ii. it is more common in males than females
iii. it involves vitamin K deficiency
iv. platelet formation is impacted, and results in low platelet counts

Answer 17

i and ii

Question 18

In a hyperventilating patient, which proteins could help buffer against the pH change occurring from the influx of oxygen in the blood?

i. albumin
ii. bicarbonate
iii. glucose
iv. fibrinogen

Answer 18

i, ii, and iv

Question 19

The kidneys detect a decreased amount of oxygen levels in the blood despite heart rate and blood pressure being normal. With the release of EPO, erythropoiesis is stimulated, but carrying capacity is still very low. What’s wrong?

Answer 19

Erythroblastic anemia

Question 20

Hemophilia A is a deficiency in factor VIII, what is a direct result of that?

Answer 20

Inability to activate the common pathway of clot formation

Question 21

The product of thrombopoiesis is derived from ____, and is located in the ____

Answer 21

megakaryocytes, buffy coat

Question 22

What is responsible for drawing fluid into the blood and preventing excess loss of fluid into the interstitial space?

Answer 22

Colloid osmotic pressure

Question 23

A patient presents with recurring bacterial infections. After a blood test, you see she is deficient in _______.

Answer 23

Neutrophils