Practical

Question 1

Aim

Answer 1

to investigate if there is a difference in pro social behaviour between males and females

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

Experimental: there will be a significant difference between females and males in pro social behaviour
Null hypothesis:
There will be no significant difference between males and females in pro social behaviour, Amy difference will be due to chance

Question 3

Procedure

Answer 3

Confederate would drop eight books at school roundabout (PUBLIC PLACE) between 10:45 to 11:05 and will appear distressed because they have dropped their books

• Four observers who will each look out for a different behaviour
(OPERATIONALISED) people who helped pick up the books + people who just walked past the books.

The four observers were situated in the psychology rooms and the teaching block looking out the window. Also another observer outside the Chatterton which was the closest to the Confederate/participants.
• Each time a behaviour was exhibited by a participant, the observer would record it on a tally chart, using operationalised categories (QUANTITATIVE)

• The behaviours were observed over a 30 second period and after 30 seconds if they have not helped, the Confederate will pick up the books
• After this repeated the experiment 4 times using a different Confederate each time

Question 4

Sample

Answer 4

Opportunity sample
Covert observation as people are unaware they are being studied

Question 5

Variables

Answer 5

Independent - male or female
Dependent - pro social or anti social behaviour

Question 6

Qualitative data

Answer 6

Notes made on types of people who helped the confederate or ignored them.
Categories included:
• Appearance
• Verbal behaviour and interactions
• Physical behaviour and gestures
• Personal space
• Human traffic

Question 7

Why use chi square

Answer 7

Independent design,
Nominal level data
Operationalised categories of behaviour : helped pick up books, walked past books

Question 8

Generalisability

Answer 8

All pps male, Caucasian, private school,educated
Can’t be generalised to wider public

Question 9

Reliability

Answer 9

Standardised procedures so could be repeated
In an uncontrolled setting to extraneous variables could have affected results
However, recorded these down
Had 4 raters so have inter rater reliability

Question 10

Validity

Answer 10

Done in a natural setting so had ecological validity
Repeated the test multiple times