Practical 1- Hematology Lab

Question 1

-functions as a transport system, bringing in nutrients and oxygen to cells and removing waste and carbon dioxide from interstitial fluid
-links organs together through the action of hormones

Answer 1

blood

Question 2

aid-base buffer, destroying foreign pathogens, antibody action, body heat, coagulation

Answer 2

other characteristics of blood

Question 3

erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets/thrombocytes

Answer 3

three specialized classes of cells / formed elements

Question 4

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer 4

role of erythrocytes (RBC)

Question 5

combat infections and invading organisms

Answer 5

role of leukocytes (WBC)

Question 6

prevent blood loss

Answer 6

role of thrombocytes (platelets)

Question 7

Males- 5.4 +/- 0.8 million per mm^3
Females- 4.8 +/- 0.6 million per mm^3

Answer 7

normal red blood cell values

Question 8

Males- 7-9000 per mm^3
Females- 5-7000 per mm^3

Answer 8

normals white blood cell values

Question 9

150,000 to 400,000 per mm^3
average = 300,000 per mm^3

Answer 9

normal platelet values

Question 10

1.34 ml of O2

(15 g Hb / 100 ml blood –> 20 ml O2 / 100 ml blood)

Answer 10

amount of oxygen per one gram of hemoglobin

Question 11

abnormal decrease in the number of erythrocytes, causing insufficient oxygen carried to tissues

Answer 11

anemia

Question 12

decreased Hb in each cell, decreased cell size, hemorrhage

Answer 12

additional causes of anemia

Question 13

the percent volume of whole blood that is occupied by red blood cells

Answer 13

hematocrit

Question 14

-centrifuge blood in capillary tubes
-height of red blood cells in the tube compared to the total column of blood (percentage)

Answer 14

determining hematocrit

Question 15

Males- 46%, 43-49%
Females- 41%, 36-45%

Answer 15

average/normal value and ranges of hematocrit

Question 16

may fall as low as 15%

Answer 16

hematocrit in severe anemia

Question 17

may rise as high as 70%

Answer 17

hematocrit in polycythemia

Question 18

% = height of red cells (mm) / total height of red cells and plasma (mm)
x100

Answer 18

formula for hematocrit

Question 19

Males- 15.4 g/100ml blood, 13.6-17.2
Females- 13.3 g/100ml blood, 11.5-15.0

Answer 19

average concentrations of hemoglobin and their ranges

Question 20

less than 10 g Hb/100ml blood

Answer 20

hemoglobin concentration considered anemic

Question 21

colored compound created by the reaction between hemoglobin and reagent solution containing potassium cyanide (KCN)

Answer 21

cyanomethemoglobin

Question 22

• involves reaction between hemoglobin and KCN
  -determine concentration by the amount of light it can absorb compared to the amount of light absorbed by known concentrations of hemoglobin on a standard curve

Answer 22

the cyanomethemoglobin test

Question 23

each gram of hemoglobin is saturated with 1.34 ml O2 and the rat has 70 ml blood per Kg of body weight

Answer 23

assumptions of calculating the total maximum oxygen carrying capacity (of rat)

Question 24

= blood volume (ml blood) x hemoglobin concentration (g Hb/ml blood)

Answer 24

formula for total blood Hb (g)

Question 25

(total g Hb) x (1.34 ml O2/g Hb)

Answer 25

formula for O2 carrying capacity

Question 26

Males = 79 ml blood per kilogram body weight +/- 10%
Females = 65 ml blood per kilogram body weight +/- 10%
(1 kg = 2.2 pounds)

Answer 26

blood volume for humans

Question 27

average 7,500/mm^3

Answer 27

total leukocyte count

Question 28

alterations in leukocyte population from protozoan infections, malnutrition, aplastic anemia

Answer 28

neutrophilic leukopenia

Question 29

alterations in leukocyte population from strenuous exercise, rheumatic fever, severe burns

Answer 29

neutrophilic leukocytosis

Question 30

alterations in leukocyte population from mumps, German measles, whooping cough

Answer 30

lymphocytosis

Question 31

alterations in leukocyte population from scarlet fever, parasitic infections, allergic reactions

Answer 31

eosinophilia

Question 32

alterations in leukocyte population from chronic diseases, such as tuberculosis and leukemia

Answer 32

monocytosis

Question 33

alterations in leukocyte population from administration of glucocorticoid drugs

Answer 33

lymphocytopenia

Question 34

granulocytes (polymorphonuclear) and agranulocytes (mononuclear)

Answer 34

two classes of leukocytes

Question 35

-65% of WBC
-10-12 microns diameter
-multi-lobed nucleus
-small pink cytoplasmic granules, purple nucleus

Answer 35

neutrophils (granulocyte)

Question 36

-2-4% of WBC
-13 microns diameter
-bilobed nucleus
-coarse red-orange cytoplasmic granules, blue-purple nucleus

Answer 36

eosinophils (granulocyte)

Question 37

-0.5% of WBC
-14 microns diameter
-bilobed nucleus
-black nucleus usually completely obscured by large deep-blue or reddish-purple cytoplasmic granules

Answer 37

basophils (granulocyte)

Question 38

-20-25% of total WBC
-7 microns diameter
-large, spherical nucleus surrounded by thin cytoplasm
-light blue cytoplasm (non-granular), dark purple nucleus

Answer 38

small lymphocytes (agranulocyte)

Question 39

-3% of total WBC
-10 microns diameter
-large oval, indented nucleus
-light blue cytoplasm (non-granular), dark purple nucleus

Answer 39

large lymphocytes (agranulocyte)

Question 40

-3-7% of total WBC
-15 microns diameter
-large, deeply indented nucleus (horseshoe-shaped)
-light blue-gray cytoplasm (nongranular), blue or purple nucleus

Answer 40

monocytes

Question 41

plasma = 55%
formed elements = 45%

Answer 41

whole blood

Question 42

carries platelet factor 3

Answer 42

what thrombocytes carry

Question 43

hemoglobin

Answer 43

what RBC carry

Question 44

only true cell in blood

Answer 44

leukocytes

Question 45

protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen

Answer 45

hemoglobin

Question 46

excess of RBC in the body

Answer 46

polycythemia