Exam 2- Chapter 22 Flashcards
-body tissues supplied with oxygen, and CO2 waste must be disposed of
-most important function of the respiratory system
gas exchange
four processes involved with gas exchange
pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transport of respiratory gases to/from tissues, internal respiration
pulmonary ventilation
breathing, bringing air into and out of the lungs
gas exchange occurring in the lungs; oxygen brought in, carbon dioxide removed
external respiration
function of the cardiovascular system, not respiratory system
transport of respiratory gases to/from tissues
gas exchange occurring in the tissues; removing oxygen from the blood to enter body tissues and pushing carbon dioxide into the lungs to be removed- not part of the respiratory system
internal respiration
two zones of the respiratory system
conducting zone, respiratory zone
-respiratory passages leading from nose to the respiratory bronchioles
-transports air to and from the lungs
conducting zone
-actual site of gas exchange
-found in respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli
respiratory zone
major site of gas exchange
alveoli
makes up the upper conducting zone
nasal cavity and pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx)
air is warmed and humidified as it passes through this cavity before it gets to the lungs
nasal cavity
composed of goblet cells and seromucous nasal glands
respiratory mucosa in the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity
mucous-producing cells
goblet cells
-mucous portion traps particles and debris
-serous portion secretes watery fluid containing lysozyme- destroy pathogens stuck by mucous
-become overactive when you have a cold –> why you get stuffy
seromucous nasal glands
invading debris triggers a sneezing reflex to force it out
purpose of nerve endings in mucous membrane of nasal cavity
vascularization of mucous membranes of nasal cavity
capillaries and veins are located superficially to help warm air as it passes through
cause of nosebleeds
capillaries and veins sitting just under the mucous membrane of nasal cavity close to blood source
three regions of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
-contains pharyngeal tonsil and tubal tonsil
-closes during swallowing by soft palate and uvula
nasopharynx
-meets oral cavity at isthmus of the fauces
-contains palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils
oropharynx
where nasal passages and oral cavity first meet
isthmus of the fauces
where respiratory and digestive passages split
laryngopharynx
divides the laryngopharynx from the respiratory passages; prevents food and fluid from entering the respiratory system
lower conducting zone