Lab Quiz 7

Question 1

how kidneys achieve homeostasis

Answer 1

regulating the pH and concentration of ions and water in the body fluids

Question 2

additional role of kidneys

Answer 2

eliminate the waste products of metabolism

Question 3

number of nephrons in the kidneys

Answer 3

1 million

Question 4

two structures of the nephrons

Answer 4

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Question 5

tuft of capillaries in the renal corpuscle where blood first filters through

Answer 5

glomerulus

Question 6

rate at which blood filters through glomerulus

Answer 6

120 ml/min

Question 7

three major parts of the renal tubule

Answer 7

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
nephron loop (Loop of Henle)
distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Question 8

similar to blood plasma in composition but large molecules are excluded

Answer 8

tubular filtrate

Question 9

MW of molecules too large for filtrate

Answer 9

70,000 MW

Question 10

example of molecules too large to pass through filtrate

Answer 10

plasma proteins

Question 11

retained in the filtrate and finally excreted in the urine

Answer 11

toxic by-products of metabolism and excess substances

Question 12

how much urine is formed per minute

Answer 12

1 ml of urine / min

Question 13

reflects the integrity of kidney function and changes in blood composition

Answer 13

the final composition of urine

Question 14

analysis of urine; yields valuable information about the health of the kidney and the body in general

Answer 14

urinalysis

Question 15

phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 15

-genetically unable to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine

Question 16

phenylalanine becomes __ if accumulated

Answer 16

phenylpyruvic acid

Question 17

may result from an accumulation of phenylalanine in individuals with PKU

Answer 17

developmental delays, seizures, intellectual impairments

Question 18

diabetes mellitus (diabetes)

Answer 18

imbalance or deficit in the amount of insulin produced by the pancreas

Question 19

fatty acid metabolites that result from the body using fat as an energy source instead of sugars

Answer 19

ketones

Question 20

causes blood pH to decrease

Answer 20

increase in ketones

Question 21

indicated by the presence of glucose and ketones in the urine, combined with a low pH

Answer 21

diabetes mellitus indication

Question 22

Labstix test

Answer 22

combined test of urinary pH, protein, glucose, ketones, and occult blood

Question 23

normal pH of urine

Answer 23

slightly acidic, ~6

Question 24

causes more acidic urine

Answer 24

diet rich in proteins, respiratory disorders, dehydration, starvation

Question 25

causes more alkaline urine

Answer 25

diet rich in citrus fruits and dairy, vomiting, urinary tract infections, or cystitis

Question 26

cystitis

Answer 26

urine decomposes in the bladder with the production of ammonia

Question 27

proteinuria or albuminuria

Answer 27

-presence of proteins in the urine -indicates that the "filters," or glomeruli of nephrons are damaged, allowing blood proteins into the filtrate

Question 28

glycosuria

Answer 28

-high levels of glucose in the urine -indicates the body's inability to process glucose -leads to accumulation of glucose in the blood that is secreted in the urine

Question 29

ketonuria

Answer 29

-abnormally large amounts of ketone excretion -can indicate wither diabetes mellitus or starvation

Question 30

blood not visible to the naked eye

Answer 30

occult blood

Question 31

indicated by occult blood in the urine

Answer 31

structural damage in the urinary tract- urinary tract infection, kidney stones, cancerous cells

Question 32

nephritis

Answer 32

-disease in which the glomeruli are damaged and plasma proteins and erythrocytes leak into the nephrons -blood and high levels of proteins present in urine

Question 33

one of the main functions of the kidneys

Answer 33

regulate the osmolarity of the body fluids to ensure cells do not shrink or swell

Question 34

regulatory osmolarity of body fluids

Answer 34

300 milliosmoles per liter

Question 35

dehydrated individual

Answer 35

produces small amounts of highly concentrated urine

Question 36

overhydrated individual

Answer 36

produces a large amount of minimally concentrated (dilute) urine

Question 37

groups for kidney regulation experiment

Answer 37

Group 1- 800 ml water Group 2- 800 ml water, 7g NaCl Group 3- 80 ml water, 7g NaCl

Question 38

the ratio of the density of a substance compared to the density of distilled water

Answer 38

specific gravity

Question 39

calibration temperature of urinometer

Answer 39

15°C

Question 40

how to correct the specific gravity value

Answer 40

add 0.001 for every 3°C above or subtract 0.001 for every 3°C below the calibration temperature

Question 41

normal range of urine specific gravity

Answer 41

1.0015 to 1.035

Question 42

specific gravity of distilled water (no solutes present)

Answer 42

1.000

Question 43

found in individuals with chronic nephritis

Answer 43

low specific gravity

Question 44

chronic nephritis

Answer 44

slow onset kidney disease

Question 45

observed in acute nephritis

Answer 45

high specific gravity

Question 46

acute nephritis

Answer 46

sudden onset kidney disease

Question 47

Mohr Method (NaCl concentration)

Answer 47

the process of titrating silver nitrate to analyze the presence of chloride ions in a substance using potassium chromate as an indicator

Question 48

adding one drop in the mohr method

Answer 48

20% potassium chromate

Question 49

adding drop by drop in the mohr method

Answer 49

2.9% silver nitrate

Question 50

represents 1g/liter of NaCl present in the urine

Answer 50

each drop of 2.9% silver nitrate

Question 51

3 plots against time for data collection

Answer 51

ml urine excreted, specific gravity, and NaCl concentration (mg/ml)