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Anatomy > Practical 1- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab > Flashcards

Practical 1- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab Flashcards

1
Q

to listen to and study the sounds of the heart as it pumps

A

auscultation

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2
Q

instrument used to listen to heart sounds

A

stethoscope

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3
Q

visual display of vibrations producing heart sounds through the use of a heart sound microphone and physiological recorder

A

phonocardiogram

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4
Q

produced at the beginning of systole, AV valves close, SL valves open, lower pitched tone “lub”

A

1st heart sound

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5
Q

occurs at the end of systole, SL valves close, AV values open, higher blood pressure in the arteries produce a higher pitched sound “dub”

A

2nd heart sound

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6
Q

occurs during rapid filling of the ventricles after AV valves open and vibrations of the ventricular walls

A

3rd heart sound

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7
Q

occurs at the time of atrial contraction and is probably due to the accelerated rush of blood into the ventricles

A

4th heart sound

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8
Q

do not need amplification to be heard

A

1st and 2nd heart sounds

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9
Q

where the sounds from each valve can be heard most clearly

A

auscultatory areas

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10
Q

the pressure exerted by blood against the vessel walls

A

blood pressure

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11
Q

highest pressure in the artery- produced during the heart’s contraction/systolic phase
-normal for 20 year old male is 120mmHg

A

systolic blood pressure

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12
Q

lowest pressure in the artery- produced during the heart’s relaxation/diastolic phase
-normal for 20 year old male is 80mmHg

A

diastolic blood pressure

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13
Q

the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
-normal value for 20 year old male is 40mmHg

A

pulse pressure

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14
Q

diastolic pressure + 1/3 of the pulse pressure
-the average effective pressure forcing blood through the circulatory system
-normal value is 96-100 mmHg

A

mean blood pressure

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15
Q

function of two factors- cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR)

A

mean blood pressure factors

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16
Q

the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per unit of time

A

cardiac output

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17
Q

= cardiac output (ml/min) x total peripheral resistance (TPR units)

A

formula for mean blood pressure (mmHg)

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18
Q

= heart rate (beats/min) x stroke volume (ml/beat)

A

formula for cardiac output (ml/min)

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19
Q

indicates the force of contraction of the heart

A

systolic BP indication

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20
Q

reflects the condition of the systemic blood vessels

A

diastolic BP indication

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21
Q

cannula inserted into the artery and direct, head-on pressure of the blood is measured with a transducer or mercury manometer

A

direct method of measuring BP

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22
Q

pressure is applied externally to an artery and is determined by listening to arterial sounds with a stethoscope below the point of pressure

A

indirect/auscultatory method of measuring BP

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23
Q

palpate or feel the pulse as pressure is applied to the artery

A

indirect/palpatory method of measuring BP

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24
Q

instrument used to apply pressure to the artery in indirect methods

A

sphygmomanometer

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25
Q

inflatable rubber bag (cuff), rubber bulb for introducing air, mercury or anaeroid manometer for measuring pressure in the cuff

A

parts of the sphygmomanometer

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26
Q

where human blood pressure is most commonly measured

A

brachial artery of the upper arm

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27
Q

convenient position and same level as the heart to provide approximate pressure of the aorta

A

reason for using brachial artery to measure BP

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28
Q

palpate the radial artery pulse in the wrist

A

palpatory method

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29
Q

the pressure when the radial pulse first appears

A

systolic blood pressure in the palpatory method

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30
Q

cannot be used to measure the diastolic pressure

A

disadvantage of the palpatory method

31
Q

stethoscope used to listen to changes in sounds from the brachial artery

A

auscultatory method

32
Q

as the pressure decreases, you can hear four phases of sound changes

A

auscultatory method

33
Q

four phases of sounds in the auscultatory method

A

Korotkoff sounds

34
Q

fairly sharp thudding sound that increases in intensity for next 10 mmHg of pressure drop- first sound that appears is the systolic pressure

A

phase 1

35
Q

sound becomes a softer murmur during the next 10-15 mmHg drop in pressure

A

phase 2

36
Q

sounds becomes louder again and have a sharper thudding during the next 10-15 mmHg of pressure drop

A

phase 3

37
Q

sounds become suddenly muffled and reduce in intensity- this marks the diastolic pressure- and continues for another 5 mmHg in pressure drop after which all sound disappears

A

phase 4

38
Q

the point where the sound completely ceases in the auscultatory method

A

end diastolic pressure

39
Q

= mean blood pressure / cardiac output

A

formula for total peripheral resistance

40
Q

= [systolic pressure + (2 x diastolic pressure)] / 3 // (pulse pressure x heart rate)

A

formula for estimation of total peripheral resistance

41
Q

vasoconstriction of blood vessels

A

increase in total peripheral resistance

42
Q

vasodilation of blood vessels

A

decrease in total peripheral resistance

43
Q

used to demonstrate the effect of a sensory stimulus (cold) on blood pressure

A

the cold pressor test

44
Q

increase in blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic) as result to stimulus

A

normal reflex response to a cold stimulus

45
Q

1.056

A

specific gravity of blood

46
Q

13.6

A

specific gravity of mercury (Hg)

47
Q

= (specific gravity of blood) x (atrial pressure in mm) / (specific gravity of Hg)

A

formula for venous pressure

48
Q

unlike arteriole pressure, this is steady and changes very little

A

venous pressure

49
Q

adaptation to prevent blood from flowing backwards in veins where gravity opposes blood flow

A

venous valves

50
Q

economic utilization of oxygen through a depression in metabolism and cardiovascular adjustments when submerged under water for prolonged periods

A

diving bradycardia

51
Q

slowing of the heart
-associated with a reduction of circulation to all regions of the body except vital areas such as the heart and brain

A

bradycardia

52
Q

receptors in the __ trigger the trigeminal nerve which tells the body to slow down the heart rate to decrease the body’s oxygen requirement- survival mechanism

A

nose

53
Q

-measures endurance in stepping up and down a bench and the pulse reaction to this exercise
(20 inches for men, 16 inches for women)

A

the harvard step test

54
Q

general endurance- not strength, muscular endurance, cardiorespiratoy endurance

A

what the harvard step test measures

55
Q

= (Duration of exercise in seconds x 100) / 2 x (the sum of the three pulse counts in recovery)

A

formula for the index of physical fitness

56
Q

below 55 in index of physical fitness

A

poor physical condition

57
Q

55-64 in index of physical fitness

A

low average

58
Q

65-79 in index of physical fitness

A

high average

59
Q

80-90 in index of physical fitness

A

good

60
Q

above 90 in index of physical fitness

A

excellent

61
Q

based on the observation that for the same number of steps, a less fit person will have a higher pulse rate during the 2 minute recovery period immediately after exercise

A

the tuttle pulse-ratio test

62
Q

the total number of pulse beats counted for one minute

A

Tuttle’s pulse ratio

63
Q

determined by the amount of exercise required to obtain a 2.5 pulse ratio

A

person’s cardiovascular efficiency

64
Q

useful in the detection of pathological hearts and heart abnormalities

A

further use of the tuttle pulse-ratio test

65
Q

S0 = S1 + (S2 - S1)(2.5 - r1) / r2 - r1

A

formula for the number of steps required to obtain a 2.5 pulse-ratio

66
Q

the number of steps used in the first test

A

S1

67
Q

the number of steps used in the second test

A

S2

68
Q

the number of steps required to obtain a 2.5 ratio

A

S0

69
Q

the pulse ratio for S1

A

r1

70
Q

the pulse ratio for S2

A

r2

71
Q

established norm in Tuttle pulse-ratio test for boys, ages 10-12

A

33 steps

72
Q

established norm in Tuttle pulse-ratio test for boys, ages 13-18

A

30 steps

73
Q

established norm in Tuttle pulse-ratio test for an adult man

A

29 steps

74
Q

established norm in Tuttle pulse-ratio test for adult women

A

25 steps

Anatomy (5 decks)

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