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A+P 211 > Practical 1 > Flashcards

Practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

fun- transport O2 to body and CO2 to lungs

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2
Q

lymphocyte

A

agran.

destroys foreign bodies and cancer/ virus

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3
Q

monocyte

A

agran.

Consume dead cells and other cellular debris

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4
Q

neutrophil

A

gran.

consumes bacteria

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5
Q

eosinophil

A

gran.

attack eukary. parasites

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6
Q

basophil

A

gran.
secrete histamine and heparin
vasodilator and anticogulant

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7
Q

thrombocyte

A

platelet

clots blood

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8
Q

Pericardial sac

A

Parietal pericardium
allows for elastic expansion and stability
outermost layer

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9
Q

epicardium

A

visceral pericardium
2nd outermost layer
protects and houses blood vessels

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10
Q

endocardium

A

innermost layer

lines heart chambers and covers valve surfaces

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11
Q

myocardium

A 
middle layer (thickest)
houses muscle vortex for contraction
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12
Q

L and R atrium

A

superior to ventricles

recieve blood from veins

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13
Q

auricles

A

expansion off atriums for inc. vol.

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14
Q

ventricles

A

inferior to atriums

pump blood out to arteries

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15
Q

coronary sulcus

A

seperates atriums from ventricles

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16
Q

interventricular septum

A

muscular wall btw ven.

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17
Q

tricuspid valve

A

Right side
3 cusps
btw atrium and ven.

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18
Q

bicuspid valve

A

left side
btw atrium and ven.
2 cusps

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19
Q

chordae tendineae

A

connect valve cusps to papillary musc. on floor of ven.

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20
Q

papillary muscles

A

prevent valves from flipping in or out

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21
Q

pulmonary semilunar valve

A

opening btw right ven. and pulmonary trunk

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22
Q

aortic semilunar valve

A

opening btw left ven. and trunk of aorta

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23
Q

pulmonary trunk and arteries

A

recives o2 poor blood from right ven. and transports blood to lungs

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24
Q

pulmonary veins

A

transport blood to left side of heart

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25
Q

infer. vena cava

A

drains diaphragm and below

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26
Q

superior vena cava

A

drains upper body

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27
Q

great cardiac vein

A

blood from anterior

empties into coronary sinus

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28
Q

coronary sinus

A

posterior side

empties into R atrium

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29
Q

right coronary artery

A

under r auricle

blood to r atrium

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30
Q

left coronary artery

A

under L auricle

blood to l atrium

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31
Q

cicumflex artery

A

blood to L atrium

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32
Q

anterior interven. artery (LAD)

A

blood to ventricles and 2/3 anterior side of interven. septum

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33
Q

posterior interven. artery (PDA)

A

blood to posterior interven. septum and wall of both ventricles

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34
Q

blood flow pathway

A 
1- infer. and superior vena cava
2- right atrium
3- tricuspid valve
4- right ventricle
5- pulmonary valve/ trunk
6-pulmonary arteries (to lungs)
7-pulmonary veins
8- left atrium
9- bicuspid valve
10- left ventricle
11- aortic valve/ trunk
12- aorta and ascending aorta (to body)
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35
Q

pulse points (TCBRD)

A 
Temporal 
carotid
brachial
radial
dorsal
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36
Q

ascending aorta

A

heart

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37
Q

aortic arch

A

head and neck and upper arms

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38
Q

brachiocephalic trunk

A

right side head and neck

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39
Q

left subclavian artery

A

left arm

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40
Q

right subclavian artery

A

right arm

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41
Q

common carotid artery

A

head and neck

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42
Q

external carotid artery

A

head and neck

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43
Q

internal carotid artery

A

eye

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44
Q

desc. aorta

A

diaphragm

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45
Q

celiac trunk

A

liver and stomach

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46
Q

left gastic artery

A

stomach

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47
Q

common hepatic artery

A

liver

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48
Q

splenic artery

A

spleen

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49
Q

superior mesenteric artery

A

sm intestine

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50
Q

renal arteries

A

kidney

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51
Q

inferior mesenteric artery

A

colon

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52
Q

common iliac arteries

A

pelvis

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53
Q

internal jugular vein

A

neck

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54
Q

superior vena cava

A

heart

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55
Q

brachiocephalic vein

A

head and neck

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56
Q

subclavian vein

A

upper limbs

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57
Q

azygos vein

A

post. walls of abdomin

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58
Q

inferior vena cava

A

everything below diaphram except walls of abdomin

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59
Q

common iliac veins

A

pelvis

60
Q

subclavian artery

A

costcocervical trunk

61
Q

axillary artery

A

pectoral

62
Q

brachial artery

A

humerous

63
Q

radial artery

A

thumb

64
Q

ulnar artery

A

forearm muscles

65
Q

subclavian vein

A

upper limbs

66
Q

axillary vein

A

pectoral

67
Q

brachial vein

A

humerous

68
Q

basilic vein

A

skin of forearm

69
Q

cephalic vein

A

skin lateral forearm

70
Q

median cubital vein

A

superficial forearm

71
Q

ulnar vein

A

hand muscles

72
Q

radial vein

A

thumb

73
Q

external iliac artery

A

abdominal wall

74
Q

internal iliac artery

A

pelvic wall

75
Q

femoral artery

A

thigh muscles

76
Q

external iliac vein

A

anter. abdom. wall

77
Q

internal iliac vein

A

pelvis

78
Q

great saphenous vein

A

foot

79
Q

femoral vein

A

femur

80
Q

small saphenous vein

A

medial thigh

81
Q

mucosa

A

inner lining

inc. loose CT and SM M

82
Q

submucosa

A

thickest layer
Loost CT
blood vessels and lymphatics

83
Q

muscularis externa

A

double layer

fun- respons. for indep mvmnt in peristalsis

84
Q

serosa

A

areolar T

beginings in lwr esoph and ends before rectum

85
Q

lacteal

A

absorbs lipids in lymphat. capill

86
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

lines walls abdom

fun- secretes and absorbs serous fluid w/in peritoneal cavity

87
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

coats outer surface of abdom. organs

fun-secretes and absorbs serous fluid w/in peritoneal cavity

88
Q

greater omentum

A

layer covers all abdom cavity below stomach

fun- stores fat

89
Q

lesser omentum

A

btw stomach and liver

90
Q

gingiva

A

gums

91
Q

tongue

A

muscular organ w/ muscous mem

92
Q

hard palate

A

middle top

btw oral and nasal cav

93
Q

soft palate

A

posterior part of palate

94
Q

uvula

A

hangs down in back mouth
fun- swallow reflex
connected to soft palate

95
Q

parotid- (salivary glands)

A

secretes saliva

96
Q

sublingual- (saliv. glands)

A

under tongue

secrets saliva

97
Q

submandibular- (saliv. glands)

A

c shaped
under tongue
fun- produces majority of saliva

98
Q

nasopharynx

A

connects nasal cavity to pharynx

99
Q

oropharynx

A

contains palatine and linguinal tonsils

fun- swallowing

100
Q

laryngopharynx

A

fun- swallowing

101
Q

incisor-(teeth)

A

directly beside front 2 teeth

fun- biting and cutting

102
Q

canine- (teeth)

A

eye teeth

fun- grabing and holding food

103
Q

premolar (bicuspid)

A

behind eye teeth

fun- grinding and crushing

104
Q

molar (tricuspid)

A

1st molar of 3
closest to front
fun- grinding and crushing

105
Q

esophagus

A

sm and striated musc.

fun- food from pharynx to stomach

106
Q

lower esophageal sphincter

A

btw stomach and esoph

fun- prevents reflux of stomach contents

107
Q

cardiac region - (stomach)

A

junction btw esophagus and stomach

fun- Peristaltic contractions move contents toward pyloric sphincter

108
Q

fundus- (stomach)

A

upper dome shaped part

fun- Peristaltic contractions move contents toward pyloric sphincter

109
Q

body- (stomach)

A

large part

fun- facilitate digestion, mix food w/ gastric secretions

110
Q

pyloric region- (stomach)

A

on right side of stomach body

regulate discharge of stomach contents into duod.

111
Q

rugae

A

wrinkles in stomach when empty

from muscosa and submuc

112
Q

greater curvature- (stomach)

A

outer part

lines body of stomach

113
Q

lesser curvature- (stomach)

A

lines concave part towards top

114
Q

pyloric sphincter- (stomach)

A

sm ring in pylorus

fun- reg. disch. stomach contents into duod.

115
Q

duodenum- (sm in)

A

c shape

fun- reciev. chyme (stomach) and digestion of carbs, lipids and proteins

116
Q

jejunum- (sm in)

A

2nd

fun- chem diges. + nutrie. absorption

117
Q

ileum- (sm in)

A

3rd

fun- chem diges. + nutrie. absorption

118
Q

intestinal glands- (sm in)

A

pores open into glands on floor of sm in

fun- inc SA for absorp

119
Q

plicae circulares- (sm in)

A

folds in sm in from mucous mem

cresent like shape

120
Q

villi- (sm in)

A

on inner lining

connect to goblet cells (mucous secreting)

121
Q

microvilli- (sm in)

A

extensions of plasma mem

form brush border

122
Q

major duodenal papilla- (sm in)

A

tiny duct

fun- transp bile and pan. secret. from ampulla to sm in

123
Q

ileocecal jun. (valve) - sm in

A

btw ileum (sm) and cecum (lrg in)

124
Q

cecum- (lrg in)

A

r side

fun- vitam (B+K), H2O and electro absorp

125
Q

appendix- (lrg in)

A

@end of cecum (lrg in)

fun- defense against infect.

126
Q

ascending colon- (lrg in)

A

right side

fun- vitam (B+K), H2O and electro absorp

127
Q

transverse colon- (lrg in)

A

runs horizontal acrost cavity

fun- vitam (B+K), H2O and electro absorp

128
Q

descending colon- (lrg in)

A

fun- vitam (B+K) made by colon

129
Q

sigmoid colon- (lrg in)

A

s shape

fun- vitam (B+K), H2O and electro absorp

130
Q

rectum- (lrg in)

A

btw sigmoid and anal canal

fun- vitam (B+K), H2O and electro absorp

131
Q

anus- (lrg in)

A

butthole

opening/ end canal

132
Q

haustra

A

pouches of bowel in lrg in.

give waves look

133
Q

teniae coli

A

sm bands

fun- facilitate peralisis

134
Q

right lobe- (liver)

A

lrg half

fun- removes damaged blood cells and bac.

135
Q

left lobe- (liver)

A

sm half

fun- removes damaged blood cells and bac.

136
Q

caudate lobe- (liver)

A

next 2 inferior vena cava

fun- removes damaged blood cells and bac.

137
Q

quadrate lobe- (liver)

A

fun- modifies horm
detoxifys drugs and alcoh
secretes plasma proteins

138
Q

gall bladder

A

below liver

fun- storage, concentration + release bile

139
Q

cystic duct

A

btw gallbladder + common hepatic duct

fun- collect and transp bile

140
Q

common bile duct

A

end by head pancreas

fun- collect and transp bile

141
Q

Head- (pancreas)

A

endo- release horm into blood

exo- diges w/ secretion of panc. juice

142
Q

body- (pancreas)

A

endo- release horm into blood

exo- diges w/ secretion of panc. juice

143
Q

tail- (pancreas)

A

endo- reg. glucose metab.

exo- secrete juice for digestion

144
Q

main pancreatic duct

A

begins in tail

fun- transp diges. enzymes to duodenum

145
Q

hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

@ junction btw pancreas and bile duct

fun- transp bile and panc. exocrine secretions to intestines

A+P 211 (5 decks)

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