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Ex Med > Prac exam > Flashcards

Prac exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is an intrinsic injury factor

A

age, gender, fitness level, biomechanics etc.

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2
Q

What is an extrinsic injury factor

A

weather, surface, equipment, training program

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3
Q

How does an ankle sprain occur

A

Foot landing inverted

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4
Q

Prevention programs of ankle sprain

A

taping and bracing
balance board
neuromuscular training

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5
Q

What is the GRF during foot strike when jogging

A

1.5-2x BW

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6
Q

What is the GRF during toe off when jogging

A

2-3x BW

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7
Q

What type of exercises are best for preventing hamstring injuries

A

Eccentric (e.g nordic curls, hamstring walkouts)

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8
Q

Functional Tests for acute ankle injuries

A

knee to wall
Hopping

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9
Q

What is the Ottawa foot rule

A

X ray required if pain is present on:
Posterior tip of lateral/medial malleolus
Base of 5th metatarsal (little toe)
Navicular
Malleolar zone

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10
Q

Functional tests of calf

A

Hop test
Calf Raise

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11
Q

Prevention exercises for calf

A

Calf raises
Jump squat
Farmer walks

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12
Q

Foot injury examinations

A

Rearfoot palpation
Midfoot palpation
Forefoot palpation

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13
Q

Foot injury prevention exercises

A

Foot rolling
Bosu ball

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14
Q

What is a grade 1 concussion

A

No loss of conscious
Amnesia and post concussive symptoms <15mins

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15
Q

Can a grade 1 concussion return to play

A

yes

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16
Q

What is a grade 2 concussion

A

Brief loss of conscious
Amnesia or post concussive symptoms lasting longer than 15mins

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17
Q

Can a grade 2 concussion return to play

A

Determined by doc

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18
Q

What is a grade 3 concussion

A

Loss of conscious >1min or altered consciousness >2min
Post concussive signs lasting longer than 30mins -> transport to hospital.

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19
Q

When can a grade 3 concussion return to play

A

Once asymptomatic for 1 week can gradual return to play

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20
Q

Shoulder injury prevention

A

Rotator cuff exercises
Shoulder stability
Scapular muscle recruitment
Improve upper trap/middle trap & upper trap/lower trap ratio
Improve upper trap/serratus anterior ratio

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21
Q

What injury could possibly be a gradual onset of pain in the hamstring

A

hamstring tendinopathy

22
Q

What population is susceptible to lateral hip injurie

A

Distance runners and women 40+

23
Q

What is lateral hip pain referred to as

A

greater trochanter pain syndrom

24
Q

What special test diagnoses GTPS

A

positive FABER test

25
Q

How to diagnose GTPS

A

Palpation - tender over greater trochanter
Painful in side lying on affected side

26
Q

Can there be pain on unaffected side in GTPS PT

A

Yes due to compression of bursa

27
Q

Common sources of anterior hip pain

A

Synovitis
Labral tear
Chondropathy
Femoro-acetabular impingement

28
Q

What can the Thomas test diagnose

A

Iliopsoas
TFL/ITB
Rec Fem

29
Q

What is a positive Thomas test for the illiopsoas

A

knee of lower leg not sitting lower than the line of the greater trochanter

30
Q

What is a positive Thomas test for the TFL/ITB

A

tight if the pelvis (once corrected) has the lower leg in an Abd position away from the midline

31
Q

What is a positive Thomas test for the Rec Fem

A

ankle of lower leg is not sitting below the line of the knee. Can be due to tight rec fem (or PT is not actively switching this muscle off. Prompt patient to relax)

32
Q

In repetitive squatting, what meniscus is most likely to be injured

A

medial

33
Q

In acute knee injuries with ACL intact, what meniscus is most likely to be ruptured

A

medial

34
Q

In acute knee injuries with ACL ruptured, what other structures are likely to be injured

A

MCL and medial meniscus

35
Q

Injury mechanisms for ACL

A

COD
Stopping
Jumping
Non contact

36
Q

Phase 1 for PCL rehab

A

0-4 weeks
weight bearing
Functional mobility
Passive flex/ext stretching

37
Q

Phase 2 for PCL rehab

A

5-12 weeks
Knee bends
Proprioception
Lateral Movement

38
Q

Phase 3 for PCL rehab

A

12-16 weeks
Functional exercises
Endurance
Proprioception

39
Q

Phase 4 for PCL rehab

A

16-24 weeks
Strength
Power
CV conditioning

40
Q

Does an MCL injury require surgery

A

No

41
Q

What causes an MCL injury

A

valgus force (impact from lateral side

42
Q

What causes a LCL injury

A

Varus force (impact from medial side)

43
Q

In dislocated patella PT, what should you also check?

A

ACL

44
Q

What can cause patellofemoral pain

A

Weak hip stabilisers
Weak VMO
Abnormal gait biomechanics

45
Q

How should you rehab patellofemoral pain

A

Avoid kneeling and squatting
Strengthen hip and knee
Changing footwear

46
Q

What is tennis elbow

A

Overuse injury of the extensor muscles

47
Q

Where is the origin of wrist extensors

A

lateral epicondyle

48
Q

How should tennis elbow be treated

A

RICE
Flexibility/ROM
Stretching/massage of extensors (not over tendon)
Exercises
Train the entire kinetic chain (don’t forget shoulders)
Taping/bracing

49
Q

What is De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis

A

Overuse injury by repetitive wrist/thumb motions

50
Q

What muscles are involved in internal rotation

A

Subscapularis

51
Q

What muscles are involved in external rotation

A

Teres Minor and Infraspinatus

Ex Med (8 decks)

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