Prac exam Flashcards
What is an intrinsic injury factor
age, gender, fitness level, biomechanics etc.
What is an extrinsic injury factor
weather, surface, equipment, training program
How does an ankle sprain occur
Foot landing inverted
Prevention programs of ankle sprain
taping and bracing
balance board
neuromuscular training
What is the GRF during foot strike when jogging
1.5-2x BW
What is the GRF during toe off when jogging
2-3x BW
What type of exercises are best for preventing hamstring injuries
Eccentric (e.g nordic curls, hamstring walkouts)
Functional Tests for acute ankle injuries
knee to wall
Hopping
What is the Ottawa foot rule
X ray required if pain is present on:
Posterior tip of lateral/medial malleolus
Base of 5th metatarsal (little toe)
Navicular
Malleolar zone
Functional tests of calf
Hop test
Calf Raise
Prevention exercises for calf
Calf raises
Jump squat
Farmer walks
Foot injury examinations
Rearfoot palpation
Midfoot palpation
Forefoot palpation
Foot injury prevention exercises
Foot rolling
Bosu ball
What is a grade 1 concussion
No loss of conscious
Amnesia and post concussive symptoms <15mins
Can a grade 1 concussion return to play
yes
What is a grade 2 concussion
Brief loss of conscious
Amnesia or post concussive symptoms lasting longer than 15mins
Can a grade 2 concussion return to play
Determined by doc
What is a grade 3 concussion
Loss of conscious >1min or altered consciousness >2min
Post concussive signs lasting longer than 30mins -> transport to hospital.
When can a grade 3 concussion return to play
Once asymptomatic for 1 week can gradual return to play
Shoulder injury prevention
Rotator cuff exercises
Shoulder stability
Scapular muscle recruitment
Improve upper trap/middle trap & upper trap/lower trap ratio
Improve upper trap/serratus anterior ratio
What injury could possibly be a gradual onset of pain in the hamstring
hamstring tendinopathy
What population is susceptible to lateral hip injurie
Distance runners and women 40+
What is lateral hip pain referred to as
greater trochanter pain syndrom
What special test diagnoses GTPS
positive FABER test
How to diagnose GTPS
Palpation - tender over greater trochanter
Painful in side lying on affected side
Can there be pain on unaffected side in GTPS PT
Yes due to compression of bursa
Common sources of anterior hip pain
Synovitis
Labral tear
Chondropathy
Femoro-acetabular impingement
What can the Thomas test diagnose
Iliopsoas
TFL/ITB
Rec Fem
What is a positive Thomas test for the illiopsoas
knee of lower leg not sitting lower than the line of the greater trochanter
What is a positive Thomas test for the TFL/ITB
tight if the pelvis (once corrected) has the lower leg in an Abd position away from the midline
What is a positive Thomas test for the Rec Fem
ankle of lower leg is not sitting below the line of the knee. Can be due to tight rec fem (or PT is not actively switching this muscle off. Prompt patient to relax)
In repetitive squatting, what meniscus is most likely to be injured
medial
In acute knee injuries with ACL intact, what meniscus is most likely to be ruptured
medial
In acute knee injuries with ACL ruptured, what other structures are likely to be injured
MCL and medial meniscus
Injury mechanisms for ACL
COD
Stopping
Jumping
Non contact
Phase 1 for PCL rehab
0-4 weeks
weight bearing
Functional mobility
Passive flex/ext stretching
Phase 2 for PCL rehab
5-12 weeks
Knee bends
Proprioception
Lateral Movement
Phase 3 for PCL rehab
12-16 weeks
Functional exercises
Endurance
Proprioception
Phase 4 for PCL rehab
16-24 weeks
Strength
Power
CV conditioning
Does an MCL injury require surgery
No
What causes an MCL injury
valgus force (impact from lateral side
What causes a LCL injury
Varus force (impact from medial side)
In dislocated patella PT, what should you also check?
ACL
What can cause patellofemoral pain
Weak hip stabilisers
Weak VMO
Abnormal gait biomechanics
How should you rehab patellofemoral pain
Avoid kneeling and squatting
Strengthen hip and knee
Changing footwear
What is tennis elbow
Overuse injury of the extensor muscles
Where is the origin of wrist extensors
lateral epicondyle
How should tennis elbow be treated
RICE
Flexibility/ROM
Stretching/massage of extensors (not over tendon)
Exercises
Train the entire kinetic chain (don’t forget shoulders)
Taping/bracing
What is De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
Overuse injury by repetitive wrist/thumb motions
What muscles are involved in internal rotation
Subscapularis
What muscles are involved in external rotation
Teres Minor and Infraspinatus
