Prac 6: Neoplasia Flashcards
What are the layers of the GIT inside (lumen) to outside?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis propria
Adventitia or serosa
What is basement membrane composed of?
Collagen IV
What do malignant nuclei look like (4)?
What is also common in malignant cells?
Larger, pleomorphic, coarse chromatin, hyperchromatic
Mitoses
What contributes to the firmness of a lesion? Due to what?
Desmoplastic stroma (TGF-b proliferation of fibroblasts)
What features would you expect in the epithelial layer of small/large intestinal mucosa? (5)
Goblet cells Enterocytes Enteroendocrine cells Stem cells Lymphocytes
What cells would you find in the normal lamina propria? (8)
Dendritic cells Mast cells Lymphocytes Macrophages Endothelial cells Fibroblasts Plasma cells Eosinophils
What is serosa? What is it covered by?
Connective tissue covered by a layer of simple squamous cells (mesothelial cells) that line a body cavity
How is adventitia different to serosa?
Adventitia is connective tissue (like serosa) but it merges with surrounding tissues
What factors contribute to the grade of a cancer? (3)
Similarity of tumour cells to normal
Degree of variability in cell shape and size
Frequency of mitotic figures in tumour cells
What is relevant in staging a tumour?
Size/depth of invasion of the primary tumour
Presence of metastases in LNs
Presence of metastases in distant organs
What is the most likely cause of microcytic hypochromatic anaemia?
Iron deficiency anaemia (e.g. through a tumour or ulcerated surface)
What is the vaginal aspect of the cervix and the endocervix (endocervical canal) lined by?
Cervix: Non-keratinising stratified squamous endothelium
Endocervix: Simple columnar mucous secreting epithelium, dips into stroma to form glands
What is squamous cell carcinoma characterised by? (2)
Keratin pearls
Intercellular bridges
What do sarcomas tend to look like?
Cells with spindled/elongated nuclei
