Prac 13: Skin, Breast, Lymph Nodes, Spleen Flashcards
Where are B cells in the LN?
Cortex
Where are germinal centres in the LN?
Cortex
Where are T cells in the LN?
Paracortex
Where are high endothelial venules in the LN?
Paracortex (water and electrolytes that perculate through the node are returned to the blood circulation via these)
Where are macs in the LN?
Sinuses (and a few in the germinal centres to eat up dodgy plasma cells)
Where are plasma cells in the LN?
germinal centres in the cortex and in the medullary cords
Where are interdigitating dendritic cells in the LN?
Paracortex
What does the presence of germinal centres suggest?
Presence of a humoral immune response.
What are 6 important features of a breast cancer for prognosis and treatment?
Tumour type (eg adeno vs squamous), tumour grade, tumour size, lymphovascular invasion, nodal metastasis, ER and PR receptors and Her2 amplification
Does metastasis to the node mean that the node has to enlarge?
No, meed to examine the node histologically
What is pathological calcification called?
Dystrophic calcification
What does acanthotic mean?
epidermal hyperplasia (thick skin)
What does parakaratosis mean?
retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum (normal for mucous membranes, abnormal for skin)
Is every cell in the epidermis an epithelial cell?
No- eg melanocytes which are in the basal layer of epithelium
What does the presence parakaratosis mean?
hyperplasia or dysplasia of the skin
