PQS - Paramyxoviruses Flashcards
Paramyxoviruses are bad immunogens
F
- good immunogenicity
Paramyxoviruses can survive just a few days in the environment
T
Paramyxoviruses cannot cause strong cytopathogenic effect in cell cultures
F
Paramyxoviruses are good immunogens
T
Parainfluenza viruses generally cause infection in the respiratory tract
T
- upper respiratory tract
- tracheitis
- pneumonia
Parainfluenza viruses are highly host specific
F
- not host specific
There are no vaccines on the market against canine parainfluenza 2 virus
F
- live/attenuated vaccine (combined)
Canine parainfluenza virus 2 frequently causes encephalitis in old dogs
F
- fever, depression, anorexia
- serous nasal discharge
- lachrymation
- cough (dry or wet)
Feline morbillivirus infection may be associated with tubulo-interstitial nephritis in cats
T
Parainfluenza virus 2 infection is frequent in the aetiology of kennel cough
T
Rinderpest virus can infect pigs
T
- cattle
- other ruminants,
- swine
Rinderpest virus can infect cattle
T
main host !!
The morbidity of rinderpest can reach 100%
T
morbidity ~100%, mortality 40-90%
Rinderpest virus replicated only in the lungs
F
- replication in lymph nodes around the throat
Rinderpest virus is resistant; it can survive in the environment for several weeks
F
survival in the environment: a few days
Rinderpest virus causes viraemia
T
Extended interstitial pneumonia is a frequent post mortem lesion of rinderpest
T
Vesicle formation on the mucous membranes is typical in the case of rinderpest
F
Diarrhoea with blood is a typical sign of rinderpest
T
Enteral clinical signs are not typical in Rinderpest
F
Attenuated viruses are widely used for the prevention of Rinderpest in Africa
F
vaccine can be used IF outbreak. As of today, the disease is eradicated !!
The clinical signs of rinderpest and malignant catarrhal fever are similar
T
Erosions in the oral and nasal cavity are clinical signs of rinderpest
T
Rinderpest occurs in large number in Africa
F
Earth is free from Rinderpest
T
since 2011
Wild mammals are asymptomatic carriers of Rinderpest
F
It is mandatory to vaccinate cattle against Rinderpest
F
Nowadays Rinderpest virus is used as heterologous vaccine against the PPR virus
F
Rinderpest virus survives for years in nature.
F
survival in the environment: a few days
Only cattle are susceptible to Rinderpest infections
F
- cattle
- other ruminants,
- swine
Rinderpest is carried by animals for a long time
F
maximum 3-week-long carriage
Rinderpest commonly occurs in Africa and in Latin America.
F
Rinderpest virus is carried by animals for several years
F
maximum 3-week-long carriage
Cattle are infected with rinderpest virus mainly per os.
T
but also by inhalation
Rinderpest virus can survive in the environment for several months
F
survival in the environment: a few days
Attenuated vaccines can be used for the prevention of peste des petit ruminants
T
Peste des petits ruminants is a widespread disease in Europe
F
- Africa
- Middle-East
- India, Pakistan, China, Mongolia
- Bulgaria
Generally direct contact is needed to the transmission of peste des petits ruminants virus
T
Peste des petits ruminants virus replicates in the epithelium of the mucous membranes
T
epithelium of mucous membranes, in the lymphoid cells
Peste des petit ruminants is a frequently diagnosed disease in America
F
- Africa
- Middle-East
- India, Pakistan, China, Mongolia
- Bulgaria
Necrosis of the oral epithelium is a typical sign of peste des petits ruminants
T
Peste de petits ruminants is a zoonotic disease
F
Nasal discharge is a typical clinical sign of peste des petit ruminant
T
- serous
- purulent nasal discharge
- cough
- conjunctivitis
Erosive lesions in the oral cavity are frequent signs of Peste des petits ruminants.
T
The Peste des petits ruminants are endemic in North- and South America.
F
- Africa
- Middle-East
- India, Pakistan, China, Mongolia
- Bulgaria
Peste des petites ruminants virus can cause haemorrhagic pneumonia
T
Peste des petites ruminants virus can cause haemorrhagic or necrotic enteritis
T
Over 50% of the animals may die during a Peste des petits ruminants outbreak
T
morbidity 90-100%, mortality 50-100%
The world is free of Peste des petites ruminants
F
- Africa
- Middle-East
- India, Pakistan, China, Mongolia
- Bulgaria
Canine distemper virus can produce a generalised infection
T
The pathogenesis of distemper is influenced by the immune response of the host
T
Distemper can be prevented only with the attenuated but not inactivated vaccines
F
- attenuated vaccine
- inactivated vaccine
- subunit and vector vaccine
Distemper is zoonosis
F
Distemper virus is shed in respiratory discharge and urine
T
Canine distemper has six serotypes
F
1 serotypes, 7 genotypes
Neurological signs are not typical signs of canine distemper
F
- fever
- eye
- respiratory
- GI
- skin lesions
- CNS
Clinical signs of the nervous system generally do not appear always in the case of canine distemper
F
1-3 weeks after the general clinical signs
Canine distemper virus has one serotype with virulence variants
T
Salivation and chewing movements cannot be clinical signs of canine distemper
T
Distemper is a highly contagious disease of dogs and some other carnivores
T
Distemper can be prevented only with attenuated but not inactivated vaccines
F
- attenuated vaccine
- inactivated vaccine
- subunit and vector vaccine
Canine distemper virus causes immunosuppression
T
The dog is the only species which is susceptible to canine distemper virus
F
- dog
- feline
- seals, whales
Three to six month old dogs are most susceptible to canine distemper virus
T
clinical signs mainly in 3-6-month-old dogs, due to maternal immunity and vaccinations
Enamel hypoplasia can be a sign of distemper
T
Hyperkeratosis of the nose and footpads are clinical signs of canine distemper
T
skin lesions:
- pustules, crust
- hyperkeratosis
- parakeratosis (nose, sole)
Ataxia and paralysis are the main clinical signs of distemper in cat
F
Cats are asymptomatic, but large felines can show clinical signs
Distemper virus infects only dogs
F
- dog
- feline
- seals, whales
Distemper can cause abortion
T
Dogs infected with Canine distemper virus usually become life-long carriers and shedders.
F
shedding can be 2-3 months long
Clinical manifestation of the Canine distemper is mainly seen in 3-4 months-old dogs
T
clinical signs mainly in 3-6-month-old dogs
The outcome of Canine distemper virus infection is very much influenced by the immune response of the dog in utero.
T
Distemper virus infects only species belonging to Canidae
F
- dog
- feline
- seals, whales
Distemper virus spreads mainly by droplet infection
T
- infection respiratory discharge, urine (other excretes)
- drop infection
Distemper virus can cause fetopathy
T? transplacental infection
Distemper virus can infect species belonging to the Felidae
T
Distemper virus spreads mainly by arthropod vectors
F
drop infection
Distemper is a notifiable disease
F
The dominant clinical sign of Canine distemper is diarrhoea
F
Canine distemper virus only infects Canidae
F
Distemper occurs in lions and dolphins
T
Distemper can cause encephalitis in dogs
T
Surviving distemper does not result in protection
F
Distemper can predispose dogs to secondary bacterial infections
T
Vaccinations against distemper at half years of age
F
at the age of 3 months - 12 weeks and 16 weeks (booster)
Distemper causes de-myelinization
T
Distemper through conjunctival smear can be diagnosed by immunofluorescence technique.
T
F? Doesn’t say anything in PPT
Canine distemper virus often causes cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the urinary bladder epithelial cells
T
Hendra and Nipah viruses cause zoonotic disease
T
Hendra virus can infect mainly swine and human
F
horses and humans
Hendra virus can cause respiratory and neurological signs
T
sometimes cns symptoms
Horse is susceptible to Hendra virus infection
T
Hendra virus can cause enteritis in the small intestine
F
Natural reservoir of Hendra virus is flying fox (bat)
T
Hendra-viruses can cause encephalitis in horses and in humans.
T
Hendra virus is found only in Australia
T
Diseases caused by Nipah virus occur worldwide
F
Nipah virus can cause ataxia, spasms, and paralysis in pig
T
- fever
- cough, nasal discharge
- ataxia, spasms, paralysis
Natural reservoir of Nipah virus is fruit bats
T
Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of the Nipah-viruses.
F
flying foxes are reservoirs (asymptomatic)
Nipah virus is transmitted mainly by arthropod vectors
F
infection from urine and excretes of flying foxes, fruits
Bovine RS virus can cause severe pneumonia in 6 months to 2 years old calves
T
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus replicates in the alveolar epithelium
T
Worldwide occurrence is characteristic for Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection
T
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus causes viraemia
F
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus can predispose to secondary bacterial infections
T
secondary bacterial infections, more severe
Subcutaneous emphysema is a common clinical sign of the disease caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus
T
Disease caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus cannot be prevented with vaccination
F
- inactivated vaccine
- attenuated vaccine
- combination vaccine
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus is spreading fast within a herd
T
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus can cause life threatening disease in calves
T
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus causes low morbidity and high mortality
F
High morbidity, low mortality
100% morbidity, 1-2% mortality
Bovine respiratory syntitial virus is caused by pneumovirus and we use inactivated vaccines for prevention
T
- inactivated vaccine
- attenuated vaccine
- combination vaccine
Bovine parainfluenza virus causes central nervous clinical signs in calves
F
Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus can result formation of hyalin membrane in the alveoli
T
alveoli: hyaline membrane production
Disease caused by bovine parainfluenza-3 virus is very rare
F
worldwide, frequent
Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus can cause interstitial pneumonia in calves
T
- bronchitis
- tracheitis
- interstitial pneumonia
Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus infection is usually endemic in cattle farms
T
introduction with infected animals, endemic
Bovine parainffuenza-3 virus generally causes aerosol infection
T
Fever, coughing, nasal discharge are common clinical signs of bovine PI-3 infection
T
Disease caused by bovine parainfluenza 3 virus can be diagnosed using paired sera
T
- VN, HAI, ELISA (paired sera)
Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 is frequently endemic in cattle farms
T
Parainfluenza 3 virus of cattle spreads mainly by arthropod vectors
F
aerosol infection
Symptoms of parainfluenza 3 virus infection of cattle are similar to RS virus infection
T
Parainfluenza-3 virus of cattle can cause thromboembolic meningoencephalitis
F
Parainfluenza-3 virus infection of calves is frequently followed by secondary bacterial infection
T
Parainfluenza-3 viruses causes disease primarily in young calves
T
A common route of infection with parainfluenza-3 is through inhalation
T
aerosol infection
Parainfluenza-3 virus can predispose cattle to pneumonia caused by bacteria
T
The main clinical sign of a parainfluenza-3 infection is diarrhoea
F
Parainfluenza-3 virus aids in secondary bacterial contaminations
T
Velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) cause an acute form of the disease
T
acute respiratory disease
Velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) cause an acute septicemia
F
Live mesogenic strains of NDV are used for vaccinations in Europe
T
Day-old chicken can be vaccinated with apathogenic strains to prevent ND
T
Hen flocks are vaccinated with lentogenic/apathogenic strains to induce maternal immunity
T
Mesogenic strains of NDV are used for vaccination in some countries
T
Apathogenic trains of NDV are used for vaccination
F
- lentogenic vaccines
- mesogenic vaccines
Velogenic-viscerotropic NDV strains can cause disease with high mortality
T
Morbidity and mortality rates may approach 100% in unvaccinated chickens
ND is caused by virulent strains of the APMV-1 serogroup
T
Members of every APMV serogroup can cause Newcastle disease
F
It is possible to determine the virulence of AMPV-1 strains by sequencing
T
A usual 1st symptom of neurotropic-vNDV infection is diarrhea
F
- respiratory and/or nervous
An acute, nervous form of Newcastle disease can frequently be seen in ducks
F
- chicken
An acute, nervous form of Newcastle disease can frequently be seen in dog
F
- chicken
Newcastle disease is caused by virulent strains of serogroup APMV-1
T
An intracerebral pathogenicity index higher than 0.7 is a criterion of ND
T
Definition of Newcastle disease according to OiE:
1. The virus has an intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) in day-old chicks of 0.7 or greater.
OR
2. Correlation of multiple basic amino acids
The sequence of Newcastle disease virus F0 splice is a significant factor in its virulence
T
Newcastle Disease ND viruses cause dwarfism in embryonated chicken eggs
F
There are no vaccines for the prevention of Newcastle disease.
F
Only faeces of the infected birds contains Newcastle disease virus
F
- Respiratory secretions/discharges and faeces of infected birds
Diarrhoea is a clinical sign of Newcastle disease
T
Virulence of Newcastle disease virus can be characterised with the chicken embryo survival index
T
Newcastle disease is caused by avian paramyxovirus 1
T
Newcastle disease virus can infect only chicken
F
Turkeys, ducks, geese, pigeons, and other poultry and captive birds
Worldwide distribution is common for Newcastle disease virus
T
Inhalation is an important way of transmission of Newcastle disease virus
T
Per os infection is an important way of transmission of Newcastle disease virus
T
Eurasia is free from Newcastle disease
F
Humans are resistant against Newcastle disease virus
F
Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus cause severe fatal infection
F
mostly asymptomatic
Lentogenic NDV may cause disease in young turkey.
T
Germinative infection is an important way of transmission of Newcastle disease virus
F
NO germinative transmission due to embryo lethality
Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus cause severe fatal infection
F
Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus can cause high morbidity and mortality in poultry flocks
F
Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus is more virulent than velogenic
F
Newcastle disease virus causes viraemia
T
Newcastle disease virus damages blood vessels
T
The clinical signs of Newcastle disease and avian influenza are similar
T
Virulence of Newcastle disease virus can be characterised with the intracerebral
pathogenicity index
T
There are different virulence variants of Newcastle disease virus
T
Only inactivated vaccines may be used for the prevention of Newcastle disease
F
- live vaccine
- innactivated
- ientogenic vaccine
- mesogenic vaccine
Velogenic Newcastle disease virus is more virulent than mesogenic
T
Tremor, spasms and torcicollis are clinical signs of Newcastle disease
T
Newcastle disease, splice site significant
T
Think they mean cleavage site, and that is significant regarding the virulence
Index higher than 0,7 is a criterion of Newcastle disease
T
Vaccination against Newcastle disease is used all over world
T
The vaccine for NDV is a lentogenic strain
T
Lentogenic stain is used in vaccines for new castles disease
T
Newcastle disease virus velogen viscerotop and neurotrop causes neurological signs
T
Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of the Newcastle disease virus
T
The virulence of Newcastle disease strains can be determined by sequence analysis of certain genes
T
Newcastle disease virus cannot survive long in the environment.
F
can survive for longer within the excretes, in the environment
Newcastle disease virus is typically vectored by ticks
F
Velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus always cause encephalitis
T
Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus can be used for vaccine production
T
Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus can cause high morbidity and mortality
F
- Velogenic strains does
Velogenic viscerotrop strains of Newcastle disease virus can be used for vaccine production.
F
- lentogenic vaccines
- mesogenic vaccines
Avian paramyxoviruses (APMV) belong into 9 serogroups
T
Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus do not cause clinical signs
F
Usually subclinical, but might cause mild respiratory disease
Wild boars may transmit Newcastle disease virus.
F
- domestic chicken
- Wild birds and waterfowl
Any member of the avian paramyxovirus serogroups may cause Newcastle disease
F
Avian paramyxovirus-1 usually causes central nervous disease in pigeons.
F
Caused by Pigeon Paramyxovirus-1
Newcastle disease virus can be taken up by inhalation and per os.
T
CNS clinical signs are frequently seen in chicken in the case of Newcastle disease
T
Newcastle disease could easily be differentiated from avian influenza.
F
Using vaccines of velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus good protection can be reached.
F
Drop of egg production is a clinical sign of avian metapneumovirus infection
T
Avian metapneumovirus infection occurs only in America
F
Avian metapneumovirus infection spreads very fast within the flock
T
Disease caused by avian metapneumovirus is more severe in turkeys than hens
T
In avian metapneumovirus infection the egg production drops/decreases
T
Swollen head syndrome (SHS) caused by avian metapneumonia virus
T
Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of avian metapneumoviruses
T
Avian metapneumoviruses can cause respiratory signs and egg production problems
T
Turkey rhinotracheitis virus causes disease in turkeys and chickens
T
Turkey rhinotracheitis is most frequent at 4-9 weeks of age
T
Cattle are affected with rinderpest mainly per os
T
Peste des pest ruminants virus is resistant, it can survive in the environment for several months
F
