PQS - Paramyxoviruses Flashcards
1
Q
Paramyxoviruses are bad immunogens
A
F
- good immunogenicity
2
Q
Paramyxoviruses can survive just a few days in the environment
A
T
3
Q
Paramyxoviruses cannot cause strong cytopathogenic effect in cell cultures
A
F
4
Q
Paramyxoviruses are good immunogens
A
T
5
Q
Parainfluenza viruses generally cause infection in the respiratory tract
A
T
- upper respiratory tract
- tracheitis
- pneumonia
6
Q
Parainfluenza viruses are highly host specific
A
F
- not host specific
7
Q
There are no vaccines on the market against canine parainfluenza 2 virus
A
F
- live/attenuated vaccine (combined)
8
Q
Canine parainfluenza virus 2 frequently causes encephalitis in old dogs
A
F
- fever, depression, anorexia
- serous nasal discharge
- lachrymation
- cough (dry or wet)
9
Q
Feline morbillivirus infection may be associated with tubulo-interstitial nephritis in cats
A
T
10
Q
Parainfluenza virus 2 infection is frequent in the aetiology of kennel cough
A
T
11
Q
Rinderpest virus can infect pigs
A
T
- cattle
- other ruminants,
- swine
12
Q
Rinderpest virus can infect cattle
A
T
main host !!
13
Q
The morbidity of rinderpest can reach 100%
A
T
morbidity ~100%, mortality 40-90%
14
Q
Rinderpest virus replicated only in the lungs
A
F
- replication in lymph nodes around the throat
15
Q
Rinderpest virus is resistant; it can survive in the environment for several weeks
A
F
survival in the environment: a few days
16
Q
Rinderpest virus causes viraemia
A
T
17
Q
Extended interstitial pneumonia is a frequent post mortem lesion of rinderpest
A
T
18
Q
Vesicle formation on the mucous membranes is typical in the case of rinderpest
A
F
19
Q
Diarrhoea with blood is a typical sign of rinderpest
A
T
20
Q
Enteral clinical signs are not typical in Rinderpest
A
F
21
Q
Attenuated viruses are widely used for the prevention of Rinderpest in Africa
A
F
vaccine can be used IF outbreak. As of today, the disease is eradicated !!
22
Q
The clinical signs of rinderpest and malignant catarrhal fever are similar
A
T
23
Q
Erosions in the oral and nasal cavity are clinical signs of rinderpest
A
T
24
Q
Rinderpest occurs in large number in Africa
A
F
25
Earth is free from Rinderpest
T
**since 2011**
26
Wild mammals are asymptomatic carriers of Rinderpest
F
27
It is mandatory to vaccinate cattle against Rinderpest
F
28
Nowadays Rinderpest virus is used as heterologous vaccine against the PPR virus
F
29
Rinderpest virus survives for years in nature.
F
survival in the environment: a few days
30
Only cattle are susceptible to Rinderpest infections
F
- cattle
- other ruminants,
- swine
31
Rinderpest is carried by animals for a long time
F
maximum 3-week-long carriage
32
Rinderpest commonly occurs in Africa and in Latin America.
F
33
Rinderpest virus is carried by animals for several years
F
maximum 3-week-long carriage
34
Cattle are infected with rinderpest virus mainly per os.
T
**but also by inhalation**
35
Rinderpest virus can survive in the environment for several months
F
survival in the environment: a few days
36
Attenuated vaccines can be used for the prevention of peste des petit ruminants
T
37
Peste des petits ruminants is a widespread disease in Europe
F
- Africa
- Middle-East
- India, Pakistan, China, Mongolia
- Bulgaria
38
Generally direct contact is needed to the transmission of peste des petits ruminants virus
T
39
Peste des petits ruminants virus replicates in the epithelium of the mucous membranes
T
**epithelium of mucous membranes, in the lymphoid cells**
40
Peste des petit ruminants is a frequently diagnosed disease in America
F
- Africa
- Middle-East
- India, Pakistan, China, Mongolia
- Bulgaria
41
Necrosis of the oral epithelium is a typical sign of peste des petits ruminants
T
42
Peste de petits ruminants is a zoonotic disease
F
43
Nasal discharge is a typical clinical sign of peste des petit ruminant
T
- serous
- purulent nasal discharge
- cough
- conjunctivitis
44
Erosive lesions in the oral cavity are frequent signs of Peste des petits ruminants.
T
45
The Peste des petits ruminants are endemic in North- and South America.
F
- Africa
- Middle-East
- India, Pakistan, China, Mongolia
- Bulgaria
46
Peste des petites ruminants virus can cause haemorrhagic pneumonia
T
47
Peste des petites ruminants virus can cause haemorrhagic or necrotic enteritis
T
48
Over 50% of the animals may die during a Peste des petits ruminants outbreak
T
morbidity 90-100%, mortality 50-100%
49
The world is free of Peste des petites ruminants
F
- Africa
- Middle-East
- India, Pakistan, China, Mongolia
- Bulgaria
50
Canine distemper virus can produce a generalised infection
T
51
The pathogenesis of distemper is influenced by the immune response of the host
T
52
Distemper can be prevented only with the attenuated but not inactivated vaccines
F
- attenuated vaccine
- inactivated vaccine
- subunit and vector vaccine
53
Distemper is zoonosis
F
54
Distemper virus is shed in respiratory discharge and urine
T
55
Canine distemper has six serotypes
F
**1 serotypes, 7 genotypes**
56
Neurological signs are not typical signs of canine distemper
F
- fever
- eye
- respiratory
- GI
- skin lesions
- CNS
57
Clinical signs of the nervous system generally do not appear always in the case of canine distemper
F
1-3 weeks after the general clinical signs
58
Canine distemper virus has one serotype with virulence variants
T
59
Salivation and chewing movements cannot be clinical signs of canine distemper
T
60
Distemper is a highly contagious disease of dogs and some other carnivores
T
61
Distemper can be prevented only with attenuated but not inactivated vaccines
F
- attenuated vaccine
- inactivated vaccine
- subunit and vector vaccine
62
Canine distemper virus causes immunosuppression
T
63
The dog is the only species which is susceptible to canine distemper virus
F
- dog
- feline
- seals, whales
64
Three to six month old dogs are most susceptible to canine distemper virus
T
**clinical signs mainly in 3-6-month-old dogs, due to maternal immunity and vaccinations**
65
Enamel hypoplasia can be a sign of distemper
T
66
Hyperkeratosis of the nose and footpads are clinical signs of canine distemper
T
skin lesions:
- pustules, crust
- hyperkeratosis
- parakeratosis (nose, sole)
67
Ataxia and paralysis are the main clinical signs of distemper in cat
F
**Cats are asymptomatic, but large felines can show clinical signs**
68
Distemper virus infects only dogs
F
- dog
- feline
- seals, whales
69
Distemper can cause abortion
T
70
Dogs infected with Canine distemper virus usually become life-long carriers and shedders.
F
shedding can be 2-3 months long
71
Clinical manifestation of the Canine distemper is mainly seen in 3-4 months-old dogs
T
clinical signs mainly in 3-6-month-old dogs
72
The outcome of Canine distemper virus infection is very much influenced by the immune response of the dog in utero.
T
73
Distemper virus infects only species belonging to Canidae
F
- dog
- feline
- seals, whales
74
Distemper virus spreads mainly by droplet infection
T
- infection respiratory discharge, urine (other excretes)
- drop infection
75
Distemper virus can cause fetopathy
T? transplacental infection
76
Distemper virus can infect species belonging to the Felidae
T
77
Distemper virus spreads mainly by arthropod vectors
F
drop infection
78
Distemper is a notifiable disease
F
79
The dominant clinical sign of Canine distemper is diarrhoea
F
80
Canine distemper virus only infects Canidae
F
81
Distemper occurs in lions and dolphins
T
82
Distemper can cause encephalitis in dogs
T
83
Surviving distemper does not result in protection
F
84
Distemper can predispose dogs to secondary bacterial infections
T
85
Vaccinations against distemper at half years of age
F
**at the age of 3 months - 12 weeks and 16 weeks (booster)**
86
Distemper causes de-myelinization
T
87
Distemper through conjunctival smear can be diagnosed by immunofluorescence technique.
T
F? Doesn’t say anything in PPT
88
Canine distemper virus often causes cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the urinary bladder epithelial cells
T
89
Hendra and Nipah viruses cause zoonotic disease
T
90
Hendra virus can infect mainly swine and human
F
**horses and humans**
91
Hendra virus can cause respiratory and neurological signs
T
**sometimes cns symptoms**
92
Horse is susceptible to Hendra virus infection
T
93
Hendra virus can cause enteritis in the small intestine
F
94
Natural reservoir of Hendra virus is flying fox (bat)
T
95
Hendra-viruses can cause encephalitis in horses and in humans.
T
96
Hendra virus is found only in Australia
T
97
Diseases caused by Nipah virus occur worldwide
F
98
Nipah virus can cause ataxia, spasms, and paralysis in pig
T
* fever
* cough, nasal discharge
* ataxia, spasms, paralysis
99
Natural reservoir of Nipah virus is fruit bats
T
100
Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of the Nipah-viruses.
F
flying foxes are reservoirs (asymptomatic)
101
Nipah virus is transmitted mainly by arthropod vectors
F
infection from urine and excretes of flying foxes, fruits
102
Bovine RS virus can cause severe pneumonia in 6 months to 2 years old calves
T
103
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus replicates in the alveolar epithelium
T
104
Worldwide occurrence is characteristic for Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection
T
105
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus causes viraemia
F
106
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus can predispose to secondary bacterial infections
T
secondary bacterial infections, more severe
107
Subcutaneous emphysema is a common clinical sign of the disease caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus
T
108
Disease caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus cannot be prevented with vaccination
F
- inactivated vaccine
- attenuated vaccine
- combination vaccine
109
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus is spreading fast within a herd
T
110
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus can cause life threatening disease in calves
T
111
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus causes low morbidity and high mortality
F
High morbidity, low mortality
100% morbidity, 1-2% mortality
112
Bovine respiratory syntitial virus is caused by pneumovirus and we use inactivated vaccines for prevention
T
- inactivated vaccine
- attenuated vaccine
- combination vaccine
113
Bovine parainfluenza virus causes central nervous clinical signs in calves
F
114
Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus can result formation of hyalin membrane in the alveoli
T
alveoli: hyaline membrane production
115
Disease caused by bovine parainfluenza-3 virus is very rare
F
worldwide, frequent
116
Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus can cause interstitial pneumonia in calves
T
- bronchitis
- tracheitis
- interstitial pneumonia
117
Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus infection is usually endemic in cattle farms
T
introduction with infected animals, endemic
118
Bovine parainffuenza-3 virus generally causes aerosol infection
T
119
Fever, coughing, nasal discharge are common clinical signs of bovine PI-3 infection
T
120
Disease caused by bovine parainfluenza 3 virus can be diagnosed using paired sera
T
* VN, HAI, ELISA (paired sera)
121
Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 is frequently endemic in cattle farms
T
122
Parainfluenza 3 virus of cattle spreads mainly by arthropod vectors
F
aerosol infection
123
Symptoms of parainfluenza 3 virus infection of cattle are similar to RS virus infection
T
124
Parainfluenza-3 virus of cattle can cause thromboembolic meningoencephalitis
F
125
Parainfluenza-3 virus infection of calves is frequently followed by secondary bacterial infection
T
126
Parainfluenza-3 viruses causes disease primarily in young calves
T
127
A common route of infection with parainfluenza-3 is through inhalation
T
aerosol infection
128
Parainfluenza-3 virus can predispose cattle to pneumonia caused by bacteria
T
129
The main clinical sign of a parainfluenza-3 infection is diarrhoea
F
130
Parainfluenza-3 virus aids in secondary bacterial contaminations
T
131
Velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) cause an acute form of the disease
T
acute respiratory disease
132
Velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) cause an acute septicemia
F
133
Live mesogenic strains of NDV are used for vaccinations in Europe
T
134
Day-old chicken can be vaccinated with apathogenic strains to prevent ND
T
135
Hen flocks are vaccinated with lentogenic/apathogenic strains to induce maternal immunity
T
136
Mesogenic strains of NDV are used for vaccination in some countries
T
137
Apathogenic trains of NDV are used for vaccination
F
- lentogenic vaccines
- mesogenic vaccines
138
Velogenic-viscerotropic NDV strains can cause disease with high mortality
T
Morbidity and mortality rates may approach 100% in unvaccinated chickens
139
ND is caused by virulent strains of the APMV-1 serogroup
T
140
Members of every APMV serogroup can cause Newcastle disease
F
141
It is possible to determine the virulence of AMPV-1 strains by sequencing
T
142
A usual 1st symptom of neurotropic-vNDV infection is diarrhea
F
- respiratory and/or nervous
143
An acute, nervous form of Newcastle disease can frequently be seen in ducks
F
- chicken
144
An acute, nervous form of Newcastle disease can frequently be seen in dog
F
- chicken
145
Newcastle disease is caused by virulent strains of serogroup APMV-1
T
146
An intracerebral pathogenicity index higher than 0.7 is a criterion of ND
T
**Definition of Newcastle disease according to OiE:**
**1. The virus has an intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) in day-old chicks of 0.7 or greater.**
**OR**
**2. Correlation of multiple basic amino acids**
147
The sequence of Newcastle disease virus F0 splice is a significant factor in its virulence
T
148
Newcastle Disease ND viruses cause dwarfism in embryonated chicken eggs
F
149
There are no vaccines for the prevention of Newcastle disease.
F
150
Only faeces of the infected birds contains Newcastle disease virus
F
* Respiratory secretions/discharges and faeces of infected birds
151
Diarrhoea is a clinical sign of Newcastle disease
T
152
Virulence of Newcastle disease virus can be characterised with the chicken embryo survival index
T
153
Newcastle disease is caused by avian paramyxovirus 1
T
154
Newcastle disease virus can infect only chicken
F
Turkeys, ducks, geese, pigeons, and other poultry and captive birds
155
Worldwide distribution is common for Newcastle disease virus
T
156
Inhalation is an important way of transmission of Newcastle disease virus
T
157
Per os infection is an important way of transmission of Newcastle disease virus
T
158
Eurasia is free from Newcastle disease
F
159
Humans are resistant against Newcastle disease virus
F
160
Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus cause severe fatal infection
F
**mostly asymptomatic**
161
Lentogenic NDV may cause disease in young turkey.
T
162
Germinative infection is an important way of transmission of Newcastle disease virus
F
NO germinative transmission due to embryo lethality
163
Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus cause severe fatal infection
F
164
Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus can cause high morbidity and mortality in poultry flocks
F
165
Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus is more virulent than velogenic
F
166
Newcastle disease virus causes viraemia
T
167
Newcastle disease virus damages blood vessels
T
168
The clinical signs of Newcastle disease and avian influenza are similar
T
169
Virulence of Newcastle disease virus can be characterised with the intracerebral
pathogenicity index
T
170
There are different virulence variants of Newcastle disease virus
T
171
Only inactivated vaccines may be used for the prevention of Newcastle disease
F
- live vaccine
- innactivated
- ientogenic vaccine
- mesogenic vaccine
172
Velogenic Newcastle disease virus is more virulent than mesogenic
T
173
Tremor, spasms and torcicollis are clinical signs of Newcastle disease
T
174
Newcastle disease, splice site significant
T
**Think they mean cleavage site, and that is significant regarding the virulence**
175
Index higher than 0,7 is a criterion of Newcastle disease
T
176
Vaccination against Newcastle disease is used all over world
T
177
The vaccine for NDV is a lentogenic strain
T
178
Lentogenic stain is used in vaccines for new castles disease
T
179
Newcastle disease virus velogen viscerotop and neurotrop causes neurological signs
T
180
Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of the Newcastle disease virus
T
181
The virulence of Newcastle disease strains can be determined by sequence analysis of certain genes
T
182
Newcastle disease virus cannot survive long in the environment.
F
**can survive for longer within the excretes, in the environment**
183
Newcastle disease virus is typically vectored by ticks
F
184
Velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus always cause encephalitis
T
185
Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus can be used for vaccine production
T
186
Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus can cause high morbidity and mortality
F
- Velogenic strains does
187
Velogenic viscerotrop strains of Newcastle disease virus can be used for vaccine production.
F
- lentogenic vaccines
- mesogenic vaccines
188
Avian paramyxoviruses (APMV) belong into 9 serogroups
T
189
Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus do not cause clinical signs
F
**Usually subclinical, but might cause mild respiratory disease**
190
Wild boars may transmit Newcastle disease virus.
F
- domestic chicken
- Wild birds and waterfowl
191
Any member of the avian paramyxovirus serogroups may cause Newcastle disease
F
192
Avian paramyxovirus-1 usually causes central nervous disease in pigeons.
F
**Caused by Pigeon Paramyxovirus-1**
193
Newcastle disease virus can be taken up by inhalation and per os.
T
194
CNS clinical signs are frequently seen in chicken in the case of Newcastle disease
T
195
Newcastle disease could easily be differentiated from avian influenza.
F
196
Using vaccines of velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus good protection can be reached.
F
197
Drop of egg production is a clinical sign of avian metapneumovirus infection
T
198
Avian metapneumovirus infection occurs only in America
F
199
Avian metapneumovirus infection spreads very fast within the flock
T
200
Disease caused by avian metapneumovirus is more severe in turkeys than hens
T
201
In avian metapneumovirus infection the egg production drops/decreases
T
202
Swollen head syndrome (SHS) caused by avian metapneumonia virus
T
203
Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of avian metapneumoviruses
T
204
Avian metapneumoviruses can cause respiratory signs and egg production problems
T
205
Turkey rhinotracheitis virus causes disease in turkeys and chickens
T
206
Turkey rhinotracheitis is most frequent at 4-9 weeks of age
T
207
Cattle are affected with rinderpest mainly per os
T
208
Peste des pest ruminants virus is resistant, it can survive in the environment for several months
F
