PQS - Classical Swine Fever Flashcards
Haemorrhagic enteritis is a characteristic pathological lesion of Classical swine fever
T
Classical Swine Fever is frequently complicated with bacterial infections.
T
damage of the immune system → bacterial complications
Classical swine fever virus can be transmitted by raw pork products
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live, infected animals
raw pork meat, pork products
raw pork wastes -slaughter
fomites
humans
wild boar!
Classical swine fever virus can retain its infectivity for 6 months in frozen meat
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months or even years!
The CSFV may survive in frozen meat for months
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months or even years!
During necropsy enlarged bloody lymph nodes can be seen in Classical swine fever cases
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Because of endothelial damage Classical swine fever results in haemorrhages
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In acute Classical swine fever, at the beginning obstipation, later diarrhoea can be observed
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Classical swine fever targets the bone marrow stem cells
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Erysipelas and Porcine circovirus 2 infections may cause clinical signs and pathology lesions similar to CS
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also African swine fever
Weakness of the hind legs and ataxia are clinical signs of Classical Swine Fever
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Ischaemic infarcts at the edges of the spleen are postmortem lesions of subacute Classical Swine Fever
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The boutons in the intestines are characteristic lesions in subacute Classical Swine Fever
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Kidney haemorrhage is a characteristic lesion of Classical Swine Fever
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Hemorrhages are the most typical lesions of acute CSF
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During necropsy of acute Classical swine fever cases, haemorrhages can be seen in the gastric mucosa
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Among Classical Swine Fever clinical signs CNS and eye problems can be observed
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The CSFV causes central nervous signs only in suckling piglets
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Classical swine fever infection during the first half of pregnancy results in the birth of immunotolerant piglets
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CSF infection during the first of half of pregnancy can lead to abortion
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Shedding of Classical swine fever virus starts 1 week after the infection
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The shedding of CSFV begins 1-2 days after the appearance of clinical signs
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Shedding starts before onset of clinical signs
The domestic swine population of most European countries are free from CSF
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Classical swine fever causes oronasal infection
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Oronasal route (skin, wounds, conjunctiva, insemination,
fomite contact)
Classical swine fever can be transmitted by mating
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Horizontal transmission
direct /indirect contact
CSF can cause transplacental infections
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CSFV may case reproductive disorders
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Classical swine fever targets lymphatic tissues
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CSF infections result in thrombocytopenia
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damage to the bone marrow stem cells → thrombocytopenia
Clinical signs of Classical Swine fever are mainly seen in 6-12 week old piglets in vaccinated
herds
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Classical swine fever infection during the first half of pregnancy can lead to abortion
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Wild boars play the main role in the maintenance of CSF virus in endemic areas
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Wild boar may play a role in the maintenance and spread of CSFV
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In Europe it is obligatory to vaccinate against Classical swine fever
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Vaccination:
In CSF-free countries, the preventive immunisation is forbidden
In acute Classical swine fever skin haemorrhages and bloody nasal discharge can be observed
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Normal sized spleen can be observed in uncomplicated cases of subacute Classical swine
fever
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Classical swine fever infection results in immunosuppression
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All wild type strains of classical swine fever virus are highly virulent
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Six distinct serotypes of CSF virus are recognized so far
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1 serotype, 3 genotypes and 4 subtypes
CSF virus is an arbovirus
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Oronasal transmission
CSF virus is a zoonotic agent
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Pigs shed CSF virus only during the clinical stage of the disease
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Central nervous signs might be seen in classical swine fever
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Based on pathology and clinical signs, chronic classical swine fever is easy to diagnose
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In vaccinated herds we mostly see the CSF clinical signs in 6-12 weeks old piglets
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Fomites do not play a role in the transmission of the Classical Swine Fever Virus
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Oronasal route (skin, wounds, conjunctiva, insemination,
fomite contact)
Transplacental infection with CSFV may cause immunotolerance in new-born piglets
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Swine shed CSFV only in the terminal phase of the disease
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1- 3 months
Europe is free from CSFV
F
Classical Swine Fever is always an acute disease with high mortality in wild boars
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low mortality
The large intestine are the earliest lesions in Classical Swine Fever
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Paracute:
- brain lymphocytic infiltration
- +/- fine haemorrhage in the kidney cortex
The diagnosis of Classical Swine Fever is based on paired serum investigations
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- RTqPCR
- Virus isolation
- IH
- IF
- ELISA
Porcine circovirus 2 may cause lesions similar to Classical Swine Fever
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Low virulence strains of CSFV may cause reproductive problems
T??
CSFV may damage the lymphatic tissues and blood vessel endothelial cells
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Swine can shed CSFV in the incubation period
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Skin suffusions and haemorrhages are signs of Classical Swine Fever.
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The clinical signs of African Swine Fever and Classical Swine Fever are very different
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Contaminated pork meat can play a role in the transmission of CSFV
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Attenuated vaccines are developed for immunization of swine against CSFV
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All known strains of the Classical Swine Fever virus are of highly virulence
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The Classical Swine Fever may appear in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic swine
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Erysipelas and Porcine circovirus 2 infections may cause clinical signs and pathology lesions
similar to Classical Swine Fever
T
Classical swine fever virus is shed with faces, when boutons appear in the intestines
F
- sheds prior to appearance of clinical signs
Classical swine fever can be eradicated from wild boar populations by oral vaccination.
F
Experimental, oral vaccination of wild boars in Germany and in Slovakia
Classical swine fever virus is rarely complicated by secondary infections
F
Classical swine fever can be diagnosed easily by the characteristic symptoms and lesions
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Domestic swine stocks are free of classical swine fever in most of the European countries
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Acute classical swine fever can cause haemorrhagic pneumonia
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Classical swine fever virus doesn’t induce neutralizing antibody production
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Classical swine fever virus is inactivated in chilled meat at -20°C.
F
Classical swine fever virus can cause immunotolerance in swine
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.Only DIVA vaccines should be used to prevent classical swine fever in swine stocks.
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Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in pigs.
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Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in carnivores
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Classical swine fever Virus spreads slowly in the host and causes mainly chronic disease
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Quick spread- highly contagious !!
Complicated forms of the Classical swine fever are rarely seen
F
The Classical swine fever virus may cause reproductive disorders
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absorption, stillbirth, mummification
Haemorrhages are the most typical lesions of acute Classical swine fever
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Classical swine fever can unambiguously diagnosed by the clinical signs and pathology
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Domestic swine of most European countries are free from Classical swine fever virus
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The Classical swine fever may appear in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic swin
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Low virulence strains of CSFV may lead to asymptomatic infection
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CSF is spread via infected pigs
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Sows infected by CSF will have immunotolerant piglets.
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Piglets of sows vaccinated against CSF are vaccinated at 6-12 months
F
To prevent CSF, we vaccinate pigs older than 6 months of age with live vaccine
F
To prevent CSF we use inactivated vaccines made from the Chinese strain
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Shedding may start 2-3 days after first clinical signs
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CSF can be prevented by inactivated vaccines.
F
CSF can hardly be distinguished from African swine fever
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CSF always causes abortion in pigs
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Hungary does not have to make any preventative action against CSF
F
Incubation of CSF is 8-22 days
T, F??
Incubation 4-7 day : Acute infection
Incubation up to 1 month: chronic infection
CSF was first written about in USA
T (1833)
First symptom of CSF is drooping ear
F
brain lymphocytic infiltration
+/- fine haemorrhage in the kidney cortex
CSF virus has good resistance
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Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes
F
live, infected animals
raw pork meat, pork products
raw pork wastes -slaughter
fomites
humans
wild boar!
The presence of CSFV in a herd does not influence reproduction parameters
F
CSF is frequently complicated with bacterial infections
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The clinical signs of CSF and ASF are similar
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Central nervous signs are never seen in CSF
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Serological cross reactions my occur between BVD virus and CSFV
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Only inactivated vaccines are available against CSFV.
F
It is a disease of domestic swine and wild boars, but several other species are also suceptible
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Only domestic swine and wild boars are susceptible
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Fever, anorexia haemorrhages in the skin and weakness of the hind legs are the most important signs
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For prevention state medical steps and vaccination are used in Europe
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The CSFV typically damages endothelial- and lymphatic tissues
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In Europe vaccination of domestic pigs against Classical swine fever is common
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Classical swine fever is a notifiable disease in Europe
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In Europe vaccination of domestic swine populations against CSF is compulsory
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Classical swine fever virus strains are classified into several serotypes
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In subacute CSF we can observe signs of pneumonia during necropsies
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Boutons in the large intestine are the earliest lesions in CSF
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Classical swine fever infection in the second half of the pregnancy leads to foetal development problems
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First half
