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Epidemiology - MIDTERM 4 PQS > PQS - Orthomyxovirus✅ > Flashcards

PQS - Orthomyxovirus✅ Flashcards

1
Q

Influenzaviruses have segmented genome

A

T

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2
Q

HPAI and LPAI strains differ in the number of basal amino acids in the HA protein

A

T

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3
Q

HA protein of influenza viruses is responsible for the attachment to the cell

A

T

attachment to the host cell sialic acid

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4
Q

The M2 protein of influenza viruses serves as an ion channel important in the decapsidation

A

T

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5
Q

Antigenic drift means serials of point mutations in the HA and NA genes

A

T

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6
Q

The NA protein in the influenza virus is responsible for the release from the infected cells

A

T

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7
Q

Enzymatic cleavage of the HA protein is needed for the influenza virus penetration into the cell T

A

T

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8
Q

Genetic reassortment of human and animal influenza viruses result in the occurrence of new human influenza strains

A

T

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9
Q

Bats have an important role in the epidemiology of influenza

A

F

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10
Q

Antigenic shift is behind the influenza pandemics

A

T

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11
Q

Influenza viruses are classified into genera by their HA and NA proteins

A

T

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12
Q

Influenza causes persistent infection in donkey

A

F

long-term persistence is not known/ not significant

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13
Q

The serotype of influenza viruses is determined by their HA and NA proteins

A

T

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14
Q

The influenza viruses cause respiratory signs in sea mammals

A

T

  • seals, whales
  • horse
  • swine
  • avan
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15
Q

The host range of influenza virus is determined by the NA protein

A

F

Determined by HA protein

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16
Q

The bird to human host switch of influenza virus is mediated by swine

A

T

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17
Q

The main host of influenza is the swine

A

F

Natural host = wild birds !!

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18
Q

in humans inactivated vaccines are used for the immunisation against influenza

A

T

  • attenuated
  • inactivated
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19
Q

Antigenic drift is behind the seasonal influenza epidemics

A

T

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20
Q

Antigenic shift means the reassortment of the influenzavirus genome segments

A

T

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21
Q

Influenzaviruses are sensitive to drying out

A

T

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22
Q

For the in vitro propagation of influenza viruses embryonated eggs is used

A

T
virus isolation – embryonated eggs, cell cultures

In horse and van influelnza !

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23
Q

The high virulence of some influenza A viruses is the result of mutations in the HA gene

A

T

» serial point mutations = antigenic drift → seasonal influenzas

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24
Q

Dogs are susceptible to horse origin influenza strains

A

T

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25
Q

The HPAI strains can cause CNS Signs

A

T

  • CNS signs (convulsions, torticollis, paralysis)
  • catarrhal
  • bloody diarrhoea
  • mass morbidity and mortality
  • skin haemorrhage
  • respiratory signs
26
Q

HPAI causes blood vessel damages and generalised infections

A

T

  • CNS signs (convulsions, torticollis, paralysis)
  • catarrhal
  • bloody diarrhoea
  • mass morbidity and mortality
  • skin haemorrhage
  • respiratory signs
27
Q

The HPAI strains are usually developed from the H5 and H7 influenza viruses

A

T

H5, H7 LPAI can mutate to HPAI!

28
Q

The LPAI causes immunosuppression

A

T
- immunosuppression
- enteric and respiratory signs

29
Q

Cat is susceptible to human seasonal influenza

A

F

30
Q

HPAI strains are mutations of LPAI strains

A

F

HAI strains: multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein

LPAI strains: only one or a few basic amino acids at the cleavage site of the HA protein

31
Q

HPAI strains belong into a certain haemagglutinin types

A

T

32
Q

Anti-neuraminidase drugs inhibit the decapsidation of influenza viruses

A

F

inhibit the activity of the neuraminidase (NA) protein of influenza viruses

33
Q

Influenzas Causes enteric symptoms in human

A

F

respiratory symptoms

34
Q

Swine recovered from influenza should not be kept for breeding

A

T

recovered gilts / boars should not be kept for breeding

35
Q

Influenza causes high morbidity but low mortality in swine

A

T

36
Q

The HPAI causes skin haemorrhages in swine

A

F

blood vessel damages, generalised infections

37
Q

Swine influenza outbreaks occur usually during summer

A

F

more frequent in autumn and winter, but sporadic

38
Q

The mortality of swine influenza is high

A

F

39
Q

Swine influenza causes high morbidity rate

A

T

40
Q

To prevent complications of swine influenza penicillin injections are given to sick pigs

A

T

41
Q

Swine influenza is easily transmitted to people

A

T

42
Q

To prevent complications of swine influenza, antibiotics used

A

T

43
Q

In swine all influenza variants can be detected

A

F

44
Q

In a horse influenza outbreak all infected horses must be killed

A

F

45
Q

The generalized symptoms of horse influenza are result of the interferon response

A

T

46
Q

Racehorses should be vaccinated before the influenza season

A

F

immunisation before the racing season

47
Q

Breeding mares should be vaccinated before the influenza season

A

F

immunisation 4-6 weeks before parturition

48
Q

Influenza causes persistent infection in horses

A

F

49
Q

The eggs produced in LPAI infected flock can be hatched

A

T

= because there is no germinative infection !!

50
Q

The HPAI infection can be unambiguously differentiated from Newcastle disease by the clinical signs

A

F

51
Q

The HPAI strains can cause clinical signs in waterfowl

A

T

waterfowl mostly asymptomatic carrier, rarely HPAIV causes clinical signs

52
Q

In poultry farms LPAI may be endemic without clinical signs

A

T

53
Q

Waterfowl can carry the influenza viruses for long time

A

T

54
Q

Influenza viruses are shed by birds exclusively in the nasal discharge

A

F

Shedding with excretes, faeces

55
Q

Avian influenza is zoonotic

A

T

56
Q

The virulence of avian influenza is determined by the i.v. pathogeny index and mortality

A

T

57
Q

Avian influenza can switch directly to human and cause epidemics with high case numbers as result of human to human transmission

A

F
human-to-human transmission is rare

58
Q

In birds all influenza variants can be detected

A

F

59
Q

Avian influenza of high economic impact is caused by HPAI strains

A

T

60
Q

Avian influenza virus is primarily spread through bronchial discharge and aerogenic route

A

F

oronasal infection, shedding with faeces

61
Q

Avian influenza spread by bronchial discharge

A

T

Epidemiology - MIDTERM 4 PQS (31 decks)

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