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EQUINE II > PQ MT1 > Flashcards

PQ MT1 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of externel coaptation should be used for transporting a horse with an ulna fracture?

A

Robert Jones bandage from elbow to splint bone

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2
Q

A three year old standardbred colt was presented with acute severe lameness. What is the prognosis of this disorder in racehorses?

Fracture Ph 1

A

Reasonable prognosis, just over 40%

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3
Q

What is the previous step before measuring debth with a debth gauge, while you are performing fracture repair with a cortical screw inserting it in lag fashion?

A

You counter sink screw

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4
Q

A three year old standardbred colt was pressented with acute lameness.
What is the diagnosis of this disorder in racehorses?

A

Fracture Ph1, Fracture of saggital edge on Mc3

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5
Q

A three year old standardbred colt was pressented with acute severe lameness.
Describe the readiographic view (fracture Ph1)

Not the exact pictue, but same view

A

Dorso palmar view

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6
Q

Name a disease and how do you call foot, diverging rings on the hoof wall and concave dorsal hoof wall, while looking at it from the side.

A

Chronic Laminitis

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7
Q

Cranial phase of stride, while having swinging limb lamenes of the front limp.

Which phase is affected and what is the effect?

A

Shortened cranial phase

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8
Q

Septic distal interphalangeal joint with regional limb perfusion.
* Which AB,
* Which dosage, and how many ml?

A

40-60 ml Gentamycin

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9
Q

3 most importaint points to recognising lameness on hind limbs.

A
  1. Visual
  2. Palpation
  3. Provocation exam
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10
Q

Describe digital flexion test on front limb

A

You keep the hoof flexed for 1min and you immidiately trot the horse to evaluate the changes in lameness. Carefull not to flex the joints of the proximal phalanxes.

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11
Q

Extending hook passively, the achilles tendon becomes loosenedm can also flex stifle. Diagnosis

A

Something wrong with the resiprocal apparatus
M.Peroneus tertius rupture

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12
Q

Toe in, how does the arch look from the top

A

Turning out, in, straight?

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13
Q

Hyperextention bad quality picture

A

Pointing in

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14
Q

Which nerves are desensitized whith the abaxial sesamoidean nerve blocks in the hindlimb?
1. Medial and lateral plantar metatarsal nerves
2. Medial and lateral plantar nerves
3. Medial and lateral plantar digital nerves
4. Medial and lateral abaxial sessamoidean nerves

A

3 Medial and lateral plantar digital nerves

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15
Q

Between which muscles do you insert the needle for perineural nerve block?

  1. Common and lateral digital extensor muscles
  2. Lateral digital extensor and gastrocnemius muscle
  3. Long and lateral digital extensor muscles
  4. Lateral digital extensor and deep digital flexor muscles
A

3 Long and lateral digital extensor muscles

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16
Q

How much local anaesthetic solution do you need for intra-articular anaesthesia of the tarsometatarsal joint?
1. 1-2 ml
2. 3-4 ml
3. 5-6 ml
4. 7-8ml

A

3-4 ml

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17
Q

Which structure is being palpated with the left hand?
1. Body of the suspensory ligament
2. Branch of the suspensory ligament
3. Deep digital flexor tendon
4. Lateral proximal sesamoidean bone

A

Branch of the suspensory ligament

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18
Q

Which needle is the most appropriate for intra-articular anaesthesia of the stifle?
1. 18 G
2. 20 G
3. 22 G
4. 24 G

A

18 G

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19
Q

Which is the first line diagnostic imaging tool to detect a tendon injury?
1. Ultrasonography
2. Radiology
3. CT
4. MRI

A

Ultrasonography

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20
Q

Which tendon/ligament injury is commonly a result of a single traumatic injury?
1. A core lesion of the superficial digital frexor tendon
2. Rupture of the deep digital flexor tendon in the pastern region
3. Proximal suspensory desmopathy
4. Rupture of the collateral ligament of the fetlock joint

A

A core lesion of the superficial digital frexor tendon

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21
Q

Which synovial structure is distended on the picture?
1. Tendon sheat of the extensor carpi radialis
2. Digital flexor tendon sheat
3. Carpal sheat
4. Tendon sheat of the lateral digital extensor tendon

A

Tendon sheath of the lateral digital extensor tendon

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22
Q

What landmarks are used for arthrocentesis of the femorotibial joint?
1. Medial collateral ligament of the femorotibial joint, medial patellar ligament, tibial plateau
2. Medial collateral ligament of the femorotibial joint, medial patellar ligament, medial femoral condyle
3. Medial collateral ligament of the femorotibial joint, middle patellar ligament, tibial plateau
4. Middle and medial patellar ligaments, medial femoral condyle

A

3 Medial collateral ligament of the femorotibial joint, middle patellar ligament, tibial plateau

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23
Q

Which treatment is contraindicated for intra-lesional injection of tendon injuries?
1. Hyaluronic acid
2. Corticosteroids
3. Stem cells
4. Platelet rich plasma

A

Corticosteroids

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24
Q

Which of these tendons/ligaments have a positional role
1. Suspensory ligament
2. Deep digital flexor tendon
3. Superficial digital flexor tendon
4. Common digital extensor tendon

A

Common digital extensor tendon

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25
Q

This transverse ultrasonographic image was obtained in the region of the fetlock canal. Which structure is indicated by the arrow?
1. Superficial digital flexor tendon
2. Deep digital flexor tendon
3. Straight sesamoidean ligament
4. Digital flexor tendon sheath

A

Deep digital flexor tendon

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26
Q

What is your diagnosis?

A

Carpal Valgus

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27
Q

For which….?

A

Carpal? Valgus

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28
Q

What is the name of this surgical technique?

A

Periosteal stripping

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29
Q

What is your diagnosis in this forelimb?

A

Common digital extensor tendon rupture

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30
Q

Whright down the diagnosis, the anatomic localization and the correct description of the radiographic view.

A

A.Diagnosis: OCD/OC
Region: Tarsus
View: Dorsomedial plantar lateral oblique

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31
Q

Write down the diagnosis, the anatomic localisation and the correct description of the radiographic view?

A

A.Diagnosis: OCD/OC Region: Stifle
View: Lateral medial

32
Q

What are the chances, that you can find OCD lesions in the opposite hock after diagnosing OCD in one hock?

A

44-56%

33
Q

What is the most frequent location of subchondral cystic lesions in horses?

A

Medial Femoral Condyle

34
Q

Write down three options for treating subchondral bone cyst of the pros. radius in yearlings!

A
  1. Steroid injection into the cyst
  2. Position screw through cyst
  3. Enucleation of the cyst inside the lining
35
Q

What kind of substances are responsible for water binding capacity of the hyaline cartilage?

A

PSGAG-Polysulfates glycosaminoglycan

36
Q

Write down three radiological signs of oesteoarthritis!

A
  1. Narrowing joint space
  2. Subchondral sclerosis
  3. Subchondral cysts lesions
37
Q

Which needle is the most appropriate for a low four point block?
A. 18G
B. 20G
C. 22G
D. ?

A

C. 22G
(23-25G)

38
Q

What is your diagnosis?
A. Fetlock hyperextention
B. Fetlock Valgus
C. Flexural deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint
D. Flexural deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint

A

C. Flexural deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint

39
Q

What can you see in the picture?
A. Preparation of arthroscopy
B. Intraarticular medication of AB
C. Regional limb perfusion
D. Desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the superficiak digital flexor tendon

A

C. Regional limb perfusion

40
Q

This transverse ultrasonographic image in the
What is the adviced dosage of triamcinoclone acetate for treating the distal inter phalange allergy joint intraarticuarly?
A. 5mg
B. 20mg
C. 40mg
D. 80mg

A

A. 5mg

41
Q

What is your diagnosis? (side view)

A

Chronic laminitis

42
Q

What is your diagnosis? How would you treat it? What is the prognosis on this case?

A

Diagnosis:
* Canker
Treatment:
* Superficial debridement
* Topical Antibiotics
* Clean dry environment
Prognosis:
* Guarded-depends on the case and the owners ability to provide trimming and suitable environment

43
Q

Write down the diagnosis of the lesion, what is the location and what is the radiographic view?

A

Diagnosis:
* Oesteoarthritis
Location:
* Tarsal joint
View:
* Lateromedial

44
Q

Which joint is punctured in this picture?

A

Hock region-Tarsometatarsal joint

45
Q

Write done 3 parameters of the synovial fluid in a normal joint!

A

Leukocytes=0.5 G/l
Neutrophil<10%
TP<2.5 g/dl

46
Q

What is your diagnosis? Describe the anatomical location, joint and the radiographic view!

A

Diagnosis: OCD
Region: Hock
View: PLDMO

47
Q

Which synovial structure can be involved if the nail goes through “e”?

A

Deep digital flexor tendon

48
Q

Describe 3 different appearances of OCD (Osteochondritis Dissecans) in the horse?

A
  • Flattening of the joint surface
  • Cartilage flaps free in joint
  • OCD fragments free in joint
49
Q

List two effects of flunixin meglumine in horses.

A

Anti-inflammatory
Analgesic

50
Q

What administration routes can be used to give metoclopramide to horses?

A

Oral
Intravenous

51
Q

How many millilitres of injection solution can be given to one site intramuscularly in a horse?

A

Depending on area
* neck: 5-10ml,
* pectorals: 10ml,
* semitendinous: 20ml

52
Q

List two possible complications of intravenous drug administration in horses

A

Thrombophlebitis
Abscess

53
Q

What should you consider when you choose a horse as a blood donor in cases of blood transfusion

A
  1. Has the horse previously received a blood transfusion
  2. Has the horse previously had a foal
54
Q

What is the primary indication of neostigmine administration in horses?

A

Prokinetic

55
Q

List two indications of plasma administration in horses.

A
  1. Hypoproteinemia
  2. Strangulating intestines
  3. Entercolitis
56
Q

Which nerves are desensitised with the abaxial sesamoid nerve blocks in the hindlimb?
1. Medial and lateral palmar metacarpal nerves
2. Lateral palmar nerves
3. Medial palmar nerves
4. Lateral palmar accessory nerve

A
  1. Medial and lateral palmar metacarpal nerves
57
Q

Between which muscles do you insert the needle in order for perineal nerve block?

A

Long and lateral digital extensor muscles

58
Q

How much local anaesthetic solution do you need for intra-articular anaesthesia of the tarsometatarsal joint?

A

3-4ml

59
Q

How much local anaesthesia solution do you use for intra-articular anaesthesia of the distal interphalangeal joint?

A

5-6ml

60
Q

Which needle is best for intra-articular anaesthesia of the distal interphalangeal joint ?

A

19 G

61
Q

Which structure is being palpated by the right thumb of the examiner?

A

Deep digital flexor

62
Q

Which diagnosing imagine tool is best for diagnosing bone oedema?
1. Ultrasound
2. Radiograph
3. CT
4. MRI

A

MRI

63
Q

Which tendon/ligament injury is the most commons is show jumper horses?
1. Core lesion of the superficial digital flexor tendon
2. Rupture of deep digital flexor tendon in the pastern region
3. Proximal suspensory demopathy
4. Rupture of collateral ligament of fetlock joint

A
  1. Core lesion of the superficial digital flexor tendon
64
Q

Effusion of which structure is seen on this image?
1. The tendonsheat of m.flexor carpi radialis
2. Digital flexor tendon sheat
3. The palmar recess of the fetlock joint
4. The tendon sheat of the lateral digital flexor tendon

A
  1. Digital flexor tendon sheat
65
Q

Injury of which tendon is likely in the left forelimb?

A

Superficial digital flexor tendon

66
Q

This transverse ultrasonographic image in the proximal metacarpal region. Which structure is indicated by the arrow?

A

Accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon

67
Q

List 2 muscles that are applicable for IM drug administration in adult horses

A
  1. Neck (triangle) Cervical vert, scapula, lig. Nuchea. Max 10 ml. (and pectoral)
  2. Semimembranosus, semitendinosus. Tuber ichiadicum, below one hand. (back)
  3. Gluteal muscle. Pelvis, tuber ichiadicum – inbetween. Usually AB (red needle)
    **4. Pectoral m.
    **
68
Q

What is the most used colloid solutions (Plasma expander) in horses?

A

o Colloids: HES, Plasma, (increase osmotic p. in vein)
* VOLUVEN (HES)
* Glucose

69
Q

What is the anatomical region for subcuaneous injection of adult horses?

A

Neck or pectoral

70
Q

List the 3 IV crystalloid sulutions which can be used in horses?

A
  • Sodium chloride,
  • Salisol,
  • Ringers lactate(better for PH)
71
Q

List the 2 drugs (active ingredients) with prokinetic effect which are used in horses

A

Neostigmine
Metoclopramide

72
Q

List 3 veins that can be used of IV application in adult horses

A
  1. V.Jugularis
  2. V. Carotis externa
  3. (V. Cephalica/Saphena)

#3 = not saffe

73
Q

What routes are suitable for Phenylbutazone to adult horses?

A

PO
IV

74
Q

One example of frequently occuring location for SH-2 (saliber harris) type fracture in horses

A

PHYSEAL FRACTURES IN FOALS
* Physis area on the distal radius

- Type I: physialysis –
- Type II: typical fracture in the proximal tibia
-** Type III:** intraarticular fracture eg. distal tibia - cant use cast, but screws to fix the
fracture
- **Type IV: **eg. dist humerus, femur, most important

75
Q

What are the first 3 steps of cortical screw fixation in lag fashion?

A
  1. Drill glide hole through the fracture
  2. Concentric thread hole
  3. Countersin
76
Q

List the 3 different appearance of OCD (Osteochondritis Dissecans) in the horse

A

* Flattening of the joint surface
* Cartilage flap without rad. changes
* Cartilage flaps free in joint (Free floating)
* Cartilage with subchondral bone changes
* OCD fragments free in joint

EQUINE II (4 decks)

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