MT II - Pictures Flashcards
1
Q
A
S : Stylohyoid bone
E : External carotid artery
M : Maxillary artery
T : tensor veli palatini muscle
E : Cartilagenous portion of Eustachian tube
I : Internal carotid artery with hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerves lateral to it.
R : Ventral straight muscles (M.Rectus capitis)
H : Median septum
2
Q
A
GP mycosis (Aspergillus spp most probably).
3
Q
What is the name of this surgical technic and when is it performed ?
A
Surgical treatment against DDSP called Tie-forward.
4
Q
Know the structures
A
5
Q
A
6
Q
A
7
Q
What is this?
A
RLN HL
8
Q
What is this surgery
A
Ventriculectomy (or Ventriculocordectomy)
9
Q
What is the condition seen in the picture?
A
ADAF (=Axial Deviation of the Aryepiglottic Fold)
10
Q
What can be seen in the picture?
A
Epiglottis entrapment
11
Q
What can be seen on the picture?
A
Subepiglottic cyst – SC.
12
Q
What can be seen on the picture?
A
4BAD (= Right sided laryngeal paralysis)
13
Q
What is your diagnosis?
A
Pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia and DDSP
14
Q
What surgery can be seen?
A
Cordectomy/Ventriculocordectomy with laser
15
Q
What can be seen on the picture?
A
Severe RAO with recurrent left side arytenoid hypoplasia
16
Q
Which disease could be mentioned with such X-rays?
A
Left pic = normal
Right pic = concave + increased interstitial pattern = might be RAO or IAD
17
Q
How is pulp numbering system going ?
A
18
Q
What can you see on these x-rays ?
A
Avulsion fracture of the mandible due to trauma most probably (=frequent
in young horses and stallions).
19
Q
How can you treat such a fracture in horses ?
A
- Use cerclage wire fixation :
- Do access back of the mouth = do incision external on mandible at level of 6- 7th tooth.
- Remove cerclage wire 2 month post-op.
20
Q
Which condition can be seen on these pictures ?
A
PEH (Progressive Ethmoidal Haematoma)
21
Q
A
22
Q
Name the sinuses
A
23
Q
What can be seen on this CT scan ?
A
Could be several things :
- PEH (in slide they said it is this)
- Neoplasia
- Mycosis/Ulcerative Rhinitis
- Foreign body
- Sinus cysts.
24
Q
Which procedure can you see?
A
Sinus trepanation
25
What is you diagnosis ?
It’s supposed to be a sinus cyst somewhere (but I couldn’t find it)
26
Diagnosis
**Suturitis**
27
Diagnosis
**Facial paralysis**
28
Diagnosis
**Atheroma or Epidermal inclusion cyst**
29
Diagnosis
**Campylognathia or “Wry nose”.**
30
Diagnosis
**Nasal polyp**
31
Diagnosis
**Sinus cyst or Neoplasia ?**
32
Diagnosis
**GP mycosis**
33
Diagnosis
**GP tympany**
34
Diagnosis
**Heave line**
35
You take x-ray from a horse with respiratory problems, and you see one of the lung
lobes “dancing”/floating, and appear like a white flap with no artefacts. What is the name of this condition and what could cause it ?
**Consolidated lung** = lung is floating bc there is no air in it anymore.
* Cause : **RAO, pleuritis, pneumonia, thoracic tumor**
36
Fluid for cytology look like in case of?
Fluid for cytology look like in case of **EIPH** ?
37
What can you see on this picture?
**Fenestrated mediastinum**
38
What can you see on these pictures?
* Nodular increase in radiodensity
* Nodular interstitial pattern
* Air bronchograms = alveolar-interstitial pattern !
**Diagnosis** = most probably **EHv** (it is **EHV due to Rhodococcus equi**)
39
What can you see on the picture ? (very difficult, I don’t think they will put it, it’s just for fun)
**Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy**
40
What can be seen on the picture and what would be the treatment ?
**Subepiglottic cyst, just remove it.**
41
What can you see on the picture?
**GP mycosis**
42
What can be seen on the picture?
**Intermandibular abscess**
43
What condition can be seen?
**Vesicular stomatitis**
44
What are the salivary glands present in the horse ?
45
What can you see on the picture?
**Megaoesophagus**
46
What can be seen and what could be the cause?
**Distension of the jugular furrow**
Cause: Clinical signs to esophageal obstruction
47
Give one example of what type of problem that could lead to this picture ?
**Oral disease leading to swollen face**
48
What could be the reason for this hairloss in this colicing horse ?
**Horse has been colicing actively for quite some time**
49
What is happening in this picture?
* **Rocking horse posture** + horse is looking and kicking one side frequently.
* Cause: Most often seen in case of **large colon impaction**.
50
What is happening in this picture ?
**Dog-sitting position**.
* The horse is trying ot relieve **diaphragmatic pressure** from the distended intestines (leading to difficult breathing) by adopting this position.
51
Most probable diagnose
**Small intestinal strangulation**
52
Most probable diagnosis ?
**Colitis**
53
Most probable diagnosis?
**Shock --> Haemoperitoneum**
54
Most probable diagnosis?
**Grass sickness – Paralytic small intestinal ileus**
55
Most probable diagnosis?
**Primary caecal tympany**
56
Which are the palpable structures on this pic ?
1 - **Bladder**
2 - **inguinal rings**
3 - **Pelvic flexure** of the **large colon**
4- Caudal few cm of the **spleen**
5- Caudal part of **left kidney**
6 - **Abd.aorta**
7- **Base of caecum = ALWAYS palpable**
8- **Small colon**
9- Jujenum/small int. loops = NOT PALPABLE in a NORMAL horse.
57
To which conditions/description corresponds each tube ?
58
What condition can be seen on this picture ?
**Gastric ulcers (in newborn foal)**
59
Detail the squamous ulcer grading system :
60
What is the difference in fluid btw primary and secondary gastric diseases ?
**Primary **
Acute gastric dilation = **fluid is acidic, looks and smells normal**
61
What is the difference in fluid btw primary and secondary gastric diseases ?
**Secondary **
Reflux caused by mechanical or paralytic ileus =**alkaline pH with brownish-yellow color**
62
What is the difference in fluid btw primary and secondary gastric diseases ?
**If bloody **
**Haemorrhagic gastritis, neoplasia, bleeding ulcers** (Grade 4)
63
Diagnostic, diag.method and treatment ?
**Gasterophilosis** – Larvae in stomach
* Diag. method : **Gastrocopy**
* Treatment :**Ivermectin**
64
Diagnostic and treatment
**Draschia megastoma**
Treatment : **Ivermectin**
65
Diagnosis?
**Squamous cell carcinoma**
66
What can be seen on this picture?
Prox.jejunum inflamed, distended with reddish area: **Prox/jejunitis.**
67
What can you see on this pictiure?
**Distended intestinal loops (DPJ)**
68
What can be seen on this picture ?
Acute colitis
69
Diagnosis ? (Hint : mucosa on these pics is from the large colon)
**Cyathostominosis**
70
Diagnostic?
Urinary bladder tear/rupture (sutured back)
71
What will become the umbilical artery after birth in foal ?
Become the rudimentary ligament
72
What is the structure on the left arrow and what can it tell you about the organ is it on?
**Antimesenteric lig. = we know it’s small colon**
73
Name the structures at each points
74
Detail the different surgical approaches on this pic :
1. ** Midline approach** (start from ombilicus and go cranially. We don’t like more than 20cm laparotomic wound).
2. **Cesarean cut** - In case of Cesarean, just prolong the basic midline cut.
3. **Paramedian cut **= really rare approach. You can use it in case of **splenectomy** or **spleen** **bleeding** in case of **colic** for instance, or cecum part removal via rib resection from that approach. Last rib resection allows you to enter abdomen. But if you choose more cranial rib (even 16th-17th rib) you will enter the thorax bc of diaphragm enter really caudal- dorsally.
4.For **stomach surgery in foals** = very rare approach
75
Name vessels A, B and C
A: a. colica dextra
B: a. colica ventralis
C: ramus colicus
76
Name vessels A, B and C
A: a. colica dextra
B: a. colica ventralis
C: ramus colicus
77
Where would you like to cut into the mesenterium?
78
What is this organ ? (These pics will be for sure in the midterm)
Broad antimesenteric flashy taenia is visible = can be only **small colon** !!!
(= colon descendens or colon taenuae)
79
What is the state of that small intestines?
**Pre-stenotic**
80
Know this pic they will ask how many taenias/organs :
81
Diagnosis
**Pedunculated lipoma**
82
Which suture-type is on the picture below ?
83
Which suture-type is on the picture below ?
84
Diagnostic
**Impaction** (phytotrichobezoar) in **small colon**
85
**Ruptured cecum**
86
This appearance of faeces/fibrinous mucusy stuff + dark traignular/rectangular shaped faecal balls= big highlight that the horse might have **small colon impaction**.
87
**Alimentary lymphosarcoma**
88
What are the differences in Echogenicity btw the spleen and the liver
89
Diagnosis
**Icterus in adults (left) and neonat (right)**
90
What can be seen in the picture?
**Photosensitization**
91
**Endotoxaemia**
92
What is on this picture ? (The pic was on the practical AND in the lecture so will be in the exam)
A stone in the bile duct – **Cholangiolithiasis**
(Hypoechogenic part on left = left liver lobe)
93
What can you see on the picture below ?
**Cholelithiasis**
94
What are the complications to cryptorchid castration ?
95
What are the consequences of using resorbable suture material in castration ?
96
What can you see in the picture below ?
**Ruptures of the bladder**
97
* Umbilical vessels are enlargerd --> Inflamm. of the umbilicus =
**“Omphalophlebitis”**
98
What type of urolith is this ?
**Type 1**
99
What type of urolith is this ?
**Bladder sediment**
100
US of Urinary bladder. What abnormality can be seen ?
**Urolith**
101
What can be seen on the picture ?
**Bladder prolapse**
102
What can you see on this picture ?
**Persistent Urachus**
