ppt2: deep NV of the neck

Question 1

the right and left subclavian arteries originate from what?

Answer 1

R originates from brachiocephalic trunk

L originates from aortic arch

Question 2

the subclavian artery: arches superolateral to what? then descends of what two things?

Answer 2

Arch superolaterally behind anterior scalene

Descend over 1st rib & posterior to clavicle

Question 3

what landmark does the subclavian artery become axillary?

Answer 3

Become axillary at lateral 1st rib

Question 4

how many “parts” are there of the subclavian artery? how many branches in each part?

Answer 4

3 parts:

1st: 3 branches
2nd: 1 branch
3rd: 1 branch

Question 5

where is the 1st part of the subclavian artery?

Answer 5

medial to anterior scalene

Question 6

what are the 3 branches of the 1st part of the subclavian artery?

Answer 6

vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery (mammary)
thyrocervical trunk

Question 7

the vertebral artery goes ______ and enters transverse foramen of C__

Answer 7

-goes posterior and enters transverse foramen of C6

Question 8

the internal thoracic (mammary) artery goes where?

Answer 8

descends into thorax

Question 9

the thyrocervical trunk divides into how many branches ? what are they?

Answer 9

3 : inferior thyroid, transverse cervical, suprascapular

Question 10

which branch of the thyrocervical trunk is the major visceral artery?

Answer 10

inferior thyroid artery

Question 11

the transverse cervical artery [ of the thyrocervical trunk (part 3 of subclavian) ] supplies blood to what 3 things?

Answer 11

muscles: trap, rhomboids, levator scapula

Question 12

the suprascapular artery supplies blood to what?

Answer 12

supraspinatus and infraspinatus

Question 13

where is part two of the subclavian artery? what is its branch?

Answer 13

posterior to anterior scalene

- costocervical trunk

Question 14

what does the costocervical trunk supply blood to?

Answer 14

supplies intercostal spaces (1-2) & posterior cervical muscles

Question 15

where is part three of the subclavian artery? what is its branch?

Answer 15

lateral to anterior scalene

- dorsal scapular artery

Question 16

what does the dorsal scapular artery supply blood to?

Answer 16

medial scapular border muscles

Question 17

what does the dorsal scapular artery pass between?

Answer 17

between trunks of brachial plexus

Question 18

the dorsal scapular artery usually comes off part 3 of subclavian artery BUT may come from what other structure?

Answer 18

transverse cervical artery (deep branch) - of the thyrocervical trunk in part one of subclavian A.

Question 19

subclavian vein passes over what? and unites with what to form the brachiocephalic vein?

Answer 19

Passes over 1st rib anterior to anterior scalene

Unites with internal jugular to form brachiocephalic

Question 20

what is the “venous angle” of the subclavian vein?

Answer 20

Venous angle-merging of subclavian & internal jugular, major lymphatic trunks empty here.

Question 21

recurrent laryngeals come off what nerve?

Answer 21

vagus

Question 22

what do right and left recurrent laryngeals recur around?

Answer 22

R recurrent laryngeal recurs around R subclavian artery

L recurrent laryngeal recurs around aortic arch

Question 23

recurrent laryngeal nerves recur in ________ _______

Answer 23

tracheoesophageal groove

Laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid

Question 24

recurrent laryngeal nerves supply what muscles?

Answer 24

all Laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid

Question 25

the phrenic nerve is motor or sensory ? what does it supply?

Answer 25

motor nerve of cervical plexus -

motor supply to hemidiaphragm

Question 26

the phrenic nerve is formed where? it runs along the anterior surface of what muscle?

Answer 26

Formed at apex of scalene triangle (C3-C4 loop & C5)

-anterior scalene

Question 27

the phrenic nerve is “strapped down” by what two structures?

Answer 27

transverse cervical & suprascapular arteries

Question 28

the phrenic nerve enters the thorax between what two structures?

Answer 28

Enter thorax between subclavian artery & vein

Question 29

phrenic nerve receives _______ afferents from where?

Answer 29

Visceral afferents from pericardium, pleura, etc.

Question 30

the sympathetic chain in the neck is posterior to what?

Answer 30

carotid sheath

Question 31

what are the 3 ganglia of the sympathetic chain in the neck? at what “C” level is each located?

Answer 31

Superior-large, level of C1, C2
Middle-small, level of C6
Inferior-often fused with 1st thoracic ganglion (stellate), level of C7

Question 32

POSTganglionic neurons of the symp. chain supply cervical spinal nerves via what?

Answer 32

gray rami communicantes

Question 33

POSTganglionic neurons of the symp. chain supply thoracic viscera via what?

Answer 33

cardiopulm. splanchnic

Question 34

postganglionic neurons of the symp. chain supply head & viscera of neck via what?

Answer 34

cephalic/cervical arterial branches

nerves follow internal carotid & its branches

Question 35

how can you tell the vagus nerve from the symp. chain?

Answer 35

symp chain has lots of branches

Question 36

the brachial plexus is comprised of ventral rami ___ - ___

Answer 36

C5-T1

Question 37

what are the 4 supraclavicular branches of the brachial plexus?

Answer 37

Dorsal scapular
Long thoracic
Suprascapular
Subclavian

“DSLs”

Question 38

roots and trunks of brachial plexus emerge through the ____ triangle with the ______ artery

Answer 38

scalene triangle, subclavian artery

Question 39

what make up the superior, middle and inferior trunks of the branchial plexus? (vertebral levels)

Answer 39

C5 & C6-superior trunk
Suprascapular
C7-middle trunk
C8 & T1-inferior trunk