Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > head: cranium, scalp, face > Flashcards

head: cranium, scalp, face Flashcards

1
Q

what are the “floor” and “roof” of the cranium called?

A

floor: base
roof: calvarium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 8 bones that make up the neurocranium? which two are paired?

A 
Frontal
Parietal (2)
Temporal (2)
Occipital
Ethmoid (superior portion)
Sphenoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Neurocranium-encloses what 5 things?

A 
brain
cranial meninges
proximal cranial nerves
inner ear
brain vasculature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

viscerocranium- encloses what 3 things?

A

encloses mouth, nose/nasal cavity, & most of orbits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the cranium is divided into what two groups?

A

neurocranium + viscerocranium

above + below eye-level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 15 bones that make up the viscero-cranium? which are paired?

A 
Nasal (2)
Lacrimal (2)
Inferior nasal conchae (2)
Palatine (2)
Maxillary (2)
Zygomatic (2)
Ethmoid (inferior portion)
Vomer
Mandible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

two parts of the frontal bone

A
  1. squamous (vertical) portion

2. orbital (horizontal) portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

squamous (vertical) frontal bone: two parts

A
  1. Nasion-intersection of frontal & nasal bones

2. Supra-orbital foramen: Supra-orbital artery & nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

orbital (horizontal) frontal bone: makes up what two “architectural” structures ?

A

Roof of orbit

floor of anterior cranial fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what 2 parts of the cranium do the zygomatic bones make up? what is the hole do they have?

A

Anterolateral wall & floor of orbit

Zygomaticofacial foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what 4 structures make up the piriformis aperature (nose hole) ?

A

Nasal opening
Nasal & maxillary bones
Nasal septum
Nasal conchae (3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what two bones form the nasal septum?

A

ethmoid + vomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how many nasal conchae are there? which way do they project?

A

3 - (per side)- project medially.
Superior- ethmoid
middle-ethmoid
Inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which two nasal conchae are projections of the ethmoid bone?

A

superior and middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

maxillary bone: ______ _______ bear maxillary teeth

A

Alveolar processes bear maxillary teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the maxillary bone froms what two “architechtural” structures? what is the hole in it?

A

Anteromedial wall & floor of orbit

- infraorbital foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what structures pass through the infra-orbital foramen?

A

infra-orbital artery and nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 parts of the FRONTAL mandible bone

A
  1. Alveolar process bears mandibular teeth
  2. Horizontal body
  3. vertical ramus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the hole in the mandible bone? what structures pass through here?

A

mental foramen - mental artery and nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

anterior cranium includes what bones?

A
  • frontal bone
  • zygomatic bones
  • piriform aperature
  • maxillary bones
  • mandible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

lateral cranium includes what bones? (9)

A
  • temporal fossa + infratemporal fossa
  • zygomatic arch
  • pterion
  • pterygopalatine fossa
  • external acoustic meatus
  • mastoid + styloid processes
  • mandible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what 5 bones make up the temporal fossa?

A

Frontal, zygomatic, sphenoid, temporal, parietal bones

between superior + inferior temporal lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the two processes of the zygomatic arch?

A
  1. Temporal process of zygomatic bone

2. Zygomatic process of temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what 4 bones make up the pterion?

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what part of the lateral cranium is known as the “weak spot”?

A

pterion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the pterion “weak spot” is known in association with which artery?

A

Anterior division of middle meningeal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

compare the mastoid vs styloid process in appearance

A

Mastoid process-blunt, superficial

Styloid process-deep, sharp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

infratemporal fossa is located where?

A

Deep to zygomatic arch & ramus of mandible

* Many contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

pterygopalatine fossa is located where? what is its function?

A

Medial to infratemporal fossa

Distribution center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

the LATERAL mandible has what three structures?

A

Condyle process
coronoid process
Notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the large vertical part of the occipital bone called?

A

Squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is the external occipital protuberance called?

A

inion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

the inion (external occipital protuberance) has what two sets of lines?

A

Superior nuchal lines extend laterally
External occipital crest extends inferiorly
(form a “T” together)
(*inferior nuchal line below forms a “I”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is “lambda”?

A

posterior cranium feature-junction of sagittal & lambdoid sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what three sutures are in the superior cranium?

A

Coronal, sagittal, & lambdoid sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is “bregma”?

A

junction of coronal & sagittal sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is the “vertex” of the superior cranium?

A

most superior portion of calvarium

38
Q

what is included in the EXTERNAL cranial base? (6)

A
  • hard palate
  • choanae
  • sphenoid bone
  • squamous portion of temporal bone
  • petrous portion of temporal bone
  • occipital bone
39
Q

what bones make up the hard palate?

A

Palatine processes of maxillary bones

Palatine bones

40
Q

what foramen are in the hard palate? what structures pass through them?

A

Incisive foramen: Nasopalatine nerves

Greater/lesser palatine foramina: Greater/lesser palatine arteries/nerves

41
Q

what is the Choanae?

A

Openings of nasal cavity into nasopharynx

Separated by vomer

42
Q

what makes up the sphenoid bone (of external base)?

A

Inferior surface of greater wings

Lateral & medial pterygoid plates

43
Q

on what bone is the Groove for pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tube?

A

on the sphenoid bone

44
Q

what two features are on the squamous portion of the temporal bone?

A

Mandibular fossa-(groove for mandibular condyles)

45
Q

what 4 features are on the petrous portion of the temporal bone?

A

Carotid canal
Mastoid process
Styloid process
Stylomastoid foramen

46
Q

what goes through the carotid canal?

A

internal carotid

47
Q

what goes through the stylomastoid foramen?

A

CN VII + stylomastoid artery

48
Q

what are the 3 features of the occipital bone (external base) ?

A
  • occipital condyles
  • foramen magnum
  • jugular foramen
49
Q

what 4 things pass through the foramen magnum?

A

Spinal cord, meninges, vertebral arteries, CN XI

50
Q

what structures pass through the jugular foramen?

A

Internal jugular

CN IX-XI

51
Q

what three fossas make up the internal cranial base? which is the largest?

A

anterior, middle, posterior

-posterior is largest

52
Q

what 3 bones is the anterior cranial fossa composed of?

A

Frontal, ethmoid, & lesser wing of sphenoid

- and crista galli

53
Q

what is the crista galli ?

A

superior projection of ethmoid (center of anterior cranial fossa, over cribiform plate)

  • Anterior attachment for falx cerebri (dural fold)
  • Cribriform plates transmit CN I
54
Q

cribiform plates transmit what cranial nerve (near the crista galli)?

A

CN 1

55
Q

what is the anterior attachment for falx cerebri (dural fold)?

A

crista galli (on the anterior cranial fossa)

56
Q

what is the fxn of the anterior cranial fossa?

A

supports frontal lobes

57
Q

what bones make up the middle cranial fossa?

A

Body & greater wings of sphenoid, temporal bones

58
Q

what is the fxn of the middle cranial fossa?

A

Supports temporal lobes & diencephalon

59
Q

what is the middle cranial fossa divided into?

A

lateral and central portions

60
Q

what is in the lateral portion of the middle cranial fossa? how many structures run through each of these?

A

superior orbital fissure- 4
foramen rotundum -1
foramen ovale -1
foramen spinosum -2

61
Q

what is the “crescent of foramina” ?

A

another name for lateral portion of middle cranial fossa

62
Q

the lateral portion of the middle cranial fossa has __ fissure(s) and __ foramen(s)

A

1- fissure

3 -foramen

63
Q

what structures run through each part of the lateral portion (mid cranial fossa) ? {sup. orbital fissure}

A 
Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)
CN III, IV, & VI to orbit
64
Q

what structures run the foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary nerve (CN V2) to pterygopalatine fossa

65
Q

what structures run through the foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular nerve (CN V3) to infratemporal fossa

66
Q

what structures run through the foramen spinosum ?

A

Middle meningeal artery

meningeal nerve from infratemporal fossa

67
Q

what is the “sella turcica”?

A

central portion of the middle cranial fossa

68
Q

what is included in the sella turcica (central portion of mid cranial fossa)?

A
  • optical canals
  • clinoid processes
  • tuberculum sellae (between anterior clinoids)
  • dorsum sellae (between posterior clinoids)
  • carotid grooves laterally
69
Q

what does doc describe as the “bed” and the “bedframe”

A

bed- hypophysial fossa

bedframe- sella turcica (central portion of mid cranial fossa)

70
Q

what structures pass through the optical canals?

A

CN 2 + retinal artery to orbit

71
Q

what make up the “bedposts” ?

A

Clinoid processes (anterior/posterior)

72
Q

what makes up the “headboard” ?

A

Tuberculum sellae between anterior clinoids

73
Q

what makes up the “footboard” ?

A

Dorsum sellae between posterior clinoids

74
Q

what make up the “sideboards”?

A

Carotid grooves laterally

75
Q

where is the pituitary gland found?

A

near hypophaseal groove of sella turcica

76
Q

Sella Turcica: _____ _________ & ______ ______ surround prechiasmatic sulcus

A

Limbus of sphenoid & tuberculum sellae surround prechiasmatic sulcus

77
Q

what bones make up the posterior cranial fossa? what is it’s function?

A

Temporal & occipital bones

-Supports cerebellum, pons, & medulla oblongata

78
Q

what are the four structural features of the posterior cranial fossa ?

A
  1. Clivus: Anterior sloping portion of occipital bone
  2. Internal occipital crest: Posterior attachment for falx cerebri (dural fold)
  3. Groove for transverse sinus
  4. groove for sigmoid sinuses
79
Q

what are the 4 holes of the posterior cranial fossa?

A
  • internal acoustic meatus
  • jugular foramen
  • hypoglossal canal
  • foramen magnum
80
Q

what runs through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CN 7 + CN 8

81
Q

what runs through the jugular foramen?

A
  • Internal jugular vein
  • CN 9-11
  • and termination of sigmoid sinus)
82
Q

where is the termination of the sigmoid sinus located?

A

jugular foramen

83
Q

what runs through the hypoglossal canal

A

CN 12

84
Q

what runs through the foramen magnum?

A

Spinal cord, meninges, vertebral arteries, CN XI

85
Q

where does the scalp extend?

A

Superior orbital margin to superior nuchal line, zygomatic arch to zygomatic arch

86
Q

what is the aponeurosis between the frontalis and occipitalis muscles called?

A

Aponeurosis (epicranial aponeurosis)-“galea aponeurotica”

87
Q

what do the occipito frontalis and tempororparietalis muscles do? what are they innervated by?

A

Occiptofrontalis-pulls scalp anteriorly/posteriorly, wrinkles forehead
Temporoparietalis-pulls scalp laterally, elevates auricle Innervated by facial nerve (CN VII)

88
Q

all muscles of facial expression lie in what plain? what are they all innervated by?

A

Lie in superficial fascia (subcutaneous layer)

All innervated by facial nerve (CN VII)

89
Q

what do the orbicularis oculi two portions do?

A

outer (orbital portion)-closes eyelids tightly
inner (palpebral portion)-closes eyelids gently
*(pull lateral to medial)

90
Q

what is the “sphincter of the mouth” ?

A

Orbicularis oris

91
Q

where is the buccinator muscle? what does it do?

A

Deeper plane than orbicularis oris

A: Cheeks taut during mastication/blow/suck

Anatomy (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions