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Anatomy > parotid region > Flashcards

parotid region Flashcards

1
Q

what 4 things does the parotid region contain?

A

parotid gland & duct
facial nerve (CN VII)
external carotid
masseter muscle

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2
Q

what are the boundaries of the parotid region?

A

Superior to angle of mandible, inferior to zygomatic arch
Anterior to auricle & sternocleidomastoid
Posterior to anterior border of masseter
Superficial to ramus of mandible

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3
Q

what is the parotid gland enclosed in? where are its apex (posterior to what?) and base? (parallels what?)

A

Enclosed in investing layer of deep cervical fascia
Apex-posterior to angle of mandible
Base-parallels zygomatic arch

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4
Q

what is the course of the parotid duct?

A

Duct courses over superficial surface of masseter, turns inward to pierce buccinator
Ostia opposite 2nd upper molars

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5
Q

what 3 structures are imbedded in the parotid gland? (superficial to deep)?

A

Parotid plexus of facial nerve: 5 branches
Retromandibular vein
External carotid artery

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6
Q

what type of innervation is the parotid gland? what are the 3 parts (pregang, synapse, post-gang)?
which would the “innervation name” be referring to?

A

Secretomotor innervation-PSNS
Preganglionic-glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Synapse: otic ganglion in infratemporal fossa
Postganglionic-auriculotemporal branch of trigeminal (CN V3)
*INNERVATION: PREGANG: GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL CN IX

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7
Q

what are the three branches of the trigeminal? which gives off parotid branches?

A

CN V (trigeminal) - V1, V2, V3
V1 opthalmic
V2 maxillary
V3: mandibular- auriculotemporal branch - which then gives off parotid branches

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8
Q

boundaries of temporal region (anterior/inferior, posterior, medial, deep, superficial)

A

Anterior & inferior to temporal lines
Posterior to frontal & zygomatic bones
deep to zygomatic arch
Superior to infratemporal crest of sphenoid
Superficial to frontal, parietal, temporal, & sphenoid bones (pterion)

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9
Q

what is the function of the temporalis investing fascia?

A

stops at zygomatic arch- acts as a stabilizing force - the muscle pulls the coronoid process upwards and the fascia stabilizes this.
example:if you put the opposite hand on a bench (fascia) to stablize, and the hand on the dumbell pulling up is the muscle - in a lat pull

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10
Q

what are the two processes of the mandible?

A

anterior: coronoid
posterior: head/condyloid

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11
Q

temporalis muscle: floor

A

floor: pterion (frontal, parietal, temporal, & sphenoid)

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12
Q

what 4 bones meet to make the pterion?

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, & sphenoid

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13
Q

boundaries of the infratemporal fossa (medial, lateral, inferior, superior)

A

Medial to ramus of mandible
Lateral to lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
Inferior continuation of temporal fossa, inferior to greater wing of sphenoid
Superior to medial pterygoid muscle

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14
Q

boundaries of infratemporal fossa (posterior, anterior)

A

Posterior to maxilla

Anterior to mastoid/styloid processes & tympanic plate of temporal bone

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15
Q

what are the 4 communications through the infratemporal fossa? (

A
  1. inferior orbital fissure –> orbit
  2. foramens ovale & spinosum–> mid cranial fossa
  3. pterygomaxillary fissure –> Pterygopalatine fossa via
  4. mandibular foramen (on mandible- lower than fossa) –> oral cavity
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16
Q

contents of the infra temporal fossa? (5)

A 
Inferior portion of temporalis muscle
Medial & lateral pterygoid muscles
Maxillary artery & branches
Mandibular branch of trigeminal (CN V3) & branches
Otic ganglion
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17
Q

what are the 4 muscles of mastication? what are they all innervated by?

A 
Temporalis
Masseter
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
In: mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
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18
Q

what is the actions of the temporalis, masseter + pterygoids? what one action are they not the main force in?

A

Produce movements of TMJ-elevation/depression, protrusion/retrusion, lateral
* Depression: Gravity is main force for this

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19
Q

temporalis muscle: O,I,A,In

A

O-temporal fossa & deep surface of temporal fascia
I-coronoid process of mandible
A- Elevates & retracts mandible
Inn- deep temporal branch of CN V3

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20
Q

masseter muscle: O,I,A,In

A

O-maxillary process of zygoma
I-lateral angle & ramus of mandible
A- Elevates mandible
Inn- masseteric branch of CN V3

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21
Q

which masstication muscle has two heads?

A

lateral pterygoid

superior and inferior heads- two different origins + insertions

22
Q

lateral pterygoid muscle: O, I

A

(* originates anterior, Inserts more posterior)
O-superior head: infratemporal surface of GREATER WING SPHENOID;
inferior head: lateral surface of LATERAL PTERYGOID PLATE
I-superior head- inserts on cartilage between head of mandible + mand. fossa (ARTICULAR DISC OF TMJ)
inferior head- inserts on head of mandible directly (CONDYLOID PROCESS/HEAD OF MANDIBLE)

23
Q

lateral pterygoid muscle- Action and Innervation

A

A- Protracts mandible (bilateral), moves mandible to contralateral side (unilateral)
Inn- lateral pterygoid branch of CN V3

24
Q

medial pterygoid muscle- O,I,A,Inn

A

O-medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
I-medial angle & ramus of mandible
A- Elevates mandible
Innervated by medial pterygoid branch of CN V3

25
Q

which muscles elevate the mandible?

A

temporalis (retracts as well), masseter, and medial pterygoid

26
Q

what does the TMJ joint do?

A

Modified hinge joint

  • Elevation/depression
  • Protraction/retraction
  • Pivoting (lateral movements)
27
Q

TMJ joint space is completely subdivided by what? what does this subdivide the space into? what inserts here?

A

Joint space completely subdivided by articular disc- creates superior + inferior articular cavities
- Insertion of superior head of lateral pterygoid

28
Q

TMJ movements:Protraction/retraction occurs between ______ & _____
Elevation/depression & pivoting occur between ____ & ______

A

protract/retract: temporal bone & disc

elev/depression: disc & condyle

29
Q

TMJ movements: depression requires simultaneous ____. unilateral protraction generates what ______ _______

A

Depression requires simultaneous protraction

Unilateral protraction generates contralateral pivoting

30
Q

what creates the upper curve of the TMJ joint? what creates the lower boundary?

A

upper curve: manidular fossa

lower boundary: articular tubercle (on zygomatic arch)

31
Q

maxillary artery is the terminal branch of what? where does it originate?

A

external carotid.

originates: posterior to neck of mandible

32
Q

maxillary artery: how many “parts”? how many “branches” ?

A 
3 parts (posterior to anterior) : Mandibular, Pterygoid, Pterygopalatine
total: 15 branches
33
Q

where are the 3 parts of the maxillary artery located? how many branches from each part?

A

mandibular: posterior to lat pterygoid -5 branches
pterygoid: on the lat. pterygoid (may be sup. or deep) - 4 branches
pterygopalatine: anterior to pterygoid - about 6 branches

34
Q

fractures of the pteryion can tear what structure? leading to what?

A

middle meningeal artery - epidural hematoma

35
Q

maxillary artery: mandibular branch - what are the 2 branches we care about?

A

middle meningeal + inferior alveolar

36
Q

what is the course of the middle meningeal (branch of mandibular branch): where does it enter the cranium? where does it go?

A

Enters via foramen spinosum

ascend between and supplies Dura mater & lateral cranium/calvarium

37
Q

what is the course of the inf. alveolar (branch of mandibular branch)? what does it continue as?

A

Enters mandibular foramen
(to supply Mandible & mandibular teeth)
-continues as mental artery with the mental nerve (as exits mandible through the mental foramen)

38
Q

pterygoid branch (branch of mandibular branch): what 4 branches come off it? what do they supply?

A

4 branches- supply muscles of mastication
Masseteric-masseter
Deep temporal-temporalis
Pterygoid-pterygoids
*Buccal-buccinator muscle & buccal mucosa + skin of cheek

39
Q

pterygopalatine branch (branch of mandibular branch): where does it course? what does it supply? (2 parts)

A
  • Enters inferior orbital fissure
    supplies: Extraocular muscles, anterior teeth- maxillary canines/incisors
  • leave through infraorbital foramen
    supplies: Infraorbital face
40
Q

mandibular nerve: enters where? sensory or motor

A

Enters via foramen ovale

BOTH Sensory & motor branches

41
Q

Only division of CN V to carry motor fibers

A

mandibular nerve

42
Q

what nerves come off the mandibular nerve (CN V3)?

A
  1. auriculotemporal- sensory
  2. inferior alveolar- sensory
  3. lingual- sensory + secretomotor
  4. buccal- sensory
    * ** misc. Motor branches to muscles of mastication
43
Q

auriculotemporal nerve (branch of CN V3) : what does it innervate?

A

-sensory, supplies auricle & temporal region (skin)

also carries Postganglionic secretomotor fibers to parotid gland

44
Q

inferior alveolar nerve (branch of CN V3): what does it supply? where does it course? what nerve does it give off?

A

sensory, supplies mandibular teeth
courses through mandibular canal then Mental branch comes out mental foramen + supplies chin
- “Nerve to mylohyoid” (comes off before it enters mandible)

45
Q

lingual nerve (branch of CN V3): what 2 things does it supply? what nerve joins it?

A 
lingual nerve: pressure/touch to anterior tongue
chorda tympanii (from CN VII) joins: taste to anterior tongue

lingual: secretomotor to submandibular & sublingual glands

46
Q

buccal nerve (branch of CN V3): what does it supply?

A

sensory, supplies skin & mucosa of cheek

when you bite your cheek or when your cheek is pinched by grandma

47
Q

otic ganglion: what is it inferior to? medial to? what kind of nerve function does it carry?

A

Inferior to foramen ovale, medial to CN V3

Parasympathetic, secretomotor to parotid

48
Q

pre + post synaptic neurons to/from otic ganglion

A

Presynaptic neurons from glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

Postsynaptic neurons travel in auriculotemporal branch of CN V3

49
Q

visceral motor (PSNS) innervation of parotid gland: pregang PSNS from what nerve? where does it course/synapse? postganglionics in what nerve?

A

Preganglionic PSNS arrive via lesser petrosal nerve (from CN IX)
course: Lesser petrosal enters fossa via foramen ovale
–> Synapse in otic ganglion
Postganglionic neurons reach gland via auriculotemporal branch of CN V3

50
Q

inf alveolar block: what nerve is the goal? what nerve is at risk? what muscle is injected?

A

Dental anesthesia- Mandibular teeth
inf alveolar nerve (w/ Lingual nerve-tongue numbness)
Risk for facial nerve injury
Injection into medial pterygoid

51
Q

how can tetanus cause lockjaw?

A

causes Intense spasm of lateral pterygoid

52
Q

what is frey’s syndrome?

A

gustatory sweating (from parotid surgery)
–> Aberrant regeneration of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
Smell/taste provokes sweating, warmth, redness

Anatomy (13 decks)

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