neck: anterior triangle Flashcards
superficial neck: between what bones? superficial to what fascias?
Between mandible/occipital bone & clavicles
Superficial to prevertebral & visceral pretracheal fasciae
Four regions based on 2 muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Posterior
Lateral (posterior triangle)
Anterior (anterior triangle)
superficial neck: divided into ___ regions based on __ muscles?
4 regions based on 2 muscles
superficial neck: what are the 4 regions that it is subdivided into? what are the two muscles that create these divisions?
Sternocleidomastoid
Posterior
Lateral (posterior triangle)
Anterior (anterior triangle)
-sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
anterior triangle: what make up the borders? - anterior, posterior, superior and floor
Anterior-midline of neck
Posterior-anterior border of SCM
Superior-inferior border of mandible
Floor-pharynx, larynx, & thyroid
the anterior triangle is subdivided by what two muscles into how many smaller triangles?
Subdivided by omohyoid & digastric into 4 smaller triangles
what are the 4 small triangles that the anterior neck is divided into?
Submental (unpaired)
Submandibular (paired)
Carotid (paired)
Muscular (paired)
which is the only unpaired triangle in anterior triangle?
submental
what are the borders of the submental triangle? (lateral, base, apex, floor)
Lateral-anterior bellies of digastric muscles
Base-body of hyoid bone
Apex-symphysis of mandible
Floor-mylohyoid muscles
what are the contents of the submental triangle?
submental lymph nodes
what are the borders of the submandibular triangle? (anterior/posterior, superior, floor)
Anterior/posterior-anterior & posterior bellies of digastric
Superior-inferior border of mandible
Floor-mylohyoid & hyoglossus muscles, middle pharyngeal constrictor
what are the contents of the submandibular triangle?
“Hypo SNiFS”
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Submandibular gland
Nerve to mylohyoid (branch of trigeminal, CN V)
Facial artery-deep to submandibular gland (vein superficial)
Stylohyoid muscle
what are the borders of the carotid triangle? (anterior, posterior, superior)
Anterior-superior belly of omohyoid
Posterior-anterior border of SCM
Superior-posterior belly of digastric
what are the contents of the carotid triangle?
“3 Carotid, Bloody Receptive VAJ”
Carotid Arteries: Common, external, & internal
Carotid sinus-dilation of proximal ICA
Carotid body
BaroReceptor & ChemoReceptor
Vagus nerve (CN X)- deep between artery and vein
Ansa cervicalis loop- motor to 3/4 infrahyoid muscles
Jugular Vein (internal)
what are the borders of the muscular triangle? (medial, superolateral, inferolateral)
Medial-midline of neck
Superolateral-superior belly of omohyoid
Inferolateral-anterior border of SCM
what are the contents of the muscular triangles?
infrahyoid muscles
viscera of neck
where are the suprahyoid muscles located? what do they do/form?
Superior to hyoid
Attach hyoid to cranium, elevate hyoid & larynx
Form floor of mouth & support tongue
what are the 4 suprahyoid muscles? what are they named for?
-mylohyoid
-geniohyoid
-stylohyoid
-digastric
“top down” names: from superior attachment- down
what are the 4 infrahyoid muscles? what are they named for?
-sternohyoid
-sternothyroid
-omohyoid
-thyrohyoid
“bottom up” names: from inferior attachment - up
what do the infrahyoid muscles do?
“Strap muscles”
Attach hyoid to manubrium, clavicle, & scapula,
Depress hyoid & larynx
mylohyoid: O, I, In
O-inner mandibular body
I-body of hyoid, midline
Nerve to mylohyoid (branch of CN V)
geniohyoid: O,I,In
O-inner mandibular apex
I-body of hyoid
Ventral ramus of C1
what muscle is deep to mylohyoid?
geniohyoid
stylohyoid: O,I,In
O-styloid process
I-body of hyoid
(Wraps around posterior digastric)
Stylohyoid branch of CN VII
what muscle wraps around posterior digastric?
stylohyoid
the digastric muscle has anterior/posterior bellies joined by what?
joined by intermediate tendon
Separate embryo origins
digastric muscle: O,I, In
O-inferior mandibular apex (anterior); mastoid process (posterior)
I-sling at body of hyoid, allows intermediate tendon to slide
Anterior-nerve to mylohyoid (branch of CN V)
Posterior-digastric branch of CN VII
sternohyoid: O,I,In
O-manubrium
I-body of hyoid
Ansa cervicalis
what are the “bellies” of the omohyoid and what are they joined by?
Superior/inferior bellies, joined by intermediate tendon
omohyoid: O,I, In
O-body of hyoid (superior); superior border of scapula (inferior)
I-sling arising from clavicle, allows intermediate tendon to slide
Ansa cervicalis
what are the infrahyoid muscles divided into? what is in each group?
superficial: sternohyoid & omohyoid
Deep: sternoTHYROID, THYROhyoid
sternothyroid: O,I,In
O-manubrium
I-thyroid cartilage
Ansa cervicalis
Thyrohyoid: O,I, In
O-thyroid cartilage
I-body of hyoid
Ventral ramus of C1
right and left common carotid arteries originate from where?
R originates from brachiocephalic truck
L originates from aortic arch
common carotids: ascend to level of what? enclosed in what? terminate as what?
Ascend to level of superior border of thyroid cartilage
Enclosed in carotid sheath
Terminate as internal & external carotids
which carotid has branches in the neck?
external: it has 6 (1 middle, 2 posterior, 3 anterior)
internal has none
what is the main artery of the brain and orbits?
internal carotid
internal carotid arteries enter the cranium via what?
Enter cranium via carotid canal of temporal bones
what does the external carotid artery terminate as? where?
Terminate as maxillary & superficial temporal arteries within parotid gland
what are the 6 branches of the external carotid artery in the neck?
ascending pharyngeal occipital posterior auricular superior thyroid lingual facial "wash you external carotids with facial/lingual SOAP"
which is the only medial branch of the external carotid artery?
ascending pharyngeal
what are the 2 posterior branches of the external carotid?
occipital and posterior auricular
what are the 3 anterior branches of the external carotid? in what order are they? (inferior to superior)
1st: superior thyroid
2nd: lingual
3rd: facial
which branch of the external artery Passes superficial to ICA & CN IX-XI and is at the Apex of posterior triangle?
occipital
which branch of the external carotid artery is the last prior to terminal branches? (on the posterior side)
posterior auricular artery
the superior thyroid artery gives off what artery?
superior laryngeal
the facial artery may share a common trunk with what other artery?
lingual
external jugular vein: forms where? crosses what in its descent? pierces what? empties into what?
Form near angle of mandible
Crosses SCM in descent
Pierces investing fascia posterior to SCM
Empties into subclavian vein
what muscle is the external jugular vein deep to?
platysma
the ANTERIOR jugular vein: formed where? descends between what two things? empties into what?
Form near hyoid
Descend between SCM & midline
Empties into EJV or subclavian vein
variable communicating veins between ___ and ____
AJV and EJV
internal jugular vein: begins where? descends in what? passes deep to what?
Begins at jugular foramen of temporal bone
Descends in carotid sheath
Passes deep to SCM
carotid sheath: what structures are medial, lateral and posterior?
Artery medial
Vein lateral
Nerve posterior
the INTERNAL jugular vein is accesible via what?
Accessible via lesser supraclavicular fossa
the INTERNAL jugular vein merges with what?
Merges with subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein
the superior and middle thyroid veins are tributaries of what?
IJV
what are the 4 nerves in the anterior triangle?
- transverse cervical
- ansa cervicalis
- hypoglossal
- vagus
trans. cervical nerve is from C_ -C_ of the cervical plexus loop. what does it supply?
C2-C3 cervical plexus loop
Sensory-skin
ansa cervicalis is from what levels of the cerivcal plexus loop? what does it supply?
C1-C2, C2-C3 cervical plexus loops
Motor branches-supply 3 of the 4 infrahyoid muscles
hypoglossal nerve: descends between what two structures? deep to what?
Descends between ECA & IJV
Deep to posterior belly of digastric
hypoglossal nerve supplies what?
motor- muscles of tongue
vagus nerve runs with what in the anterior triangle? what does it supply?
Carotid sheath with carotids & IJV
supply: Pharyngeal/laryngeal muscles
the deep neurovasc of the neck pass through the ____ of the neck
“root”
