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Anatomy > neck: anterior triangle > Flashcards

neck: anterior triangle Flashcards

1
Q

superficial neck: between what bones? superficial to what fascias?

A

Between mandible/occipital bone & clavicles
Superficial to prevertebral & visceral pretracheal fasciae
Four regions based on 2 muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Posterior
Lateral (posterior triangle)
Anterior (anterior triangle)

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2
Q

superficial neck: divided into ___ regions based on __ muscles?

A

4 regions based on 2 muscles

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3
Q

superficial neck: what are the 4 regions that it is subdivided into? what are the two muscles that create these divisions?

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Posterior
Lateral (posterior triangle)
Anterior (anterior triangle)

-sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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4
Q

anterior triangle: what make up the borders? - anterior, posterior, superior and floor

A

Anterior-midline of neck
Posterior-anterior border of SCM
Superior-inferior border of mandible
Floor-pharynx, larynx, & thyroid

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5
Q

the anterior triangle is subdivided by what two muscles into how many smaller triangles?

A

Subdivided by omohyoid & digastric into 4 smaller triangles

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6
Q

what are the 4 small triangles that the anterior neck is divided into?

A

Submental (unpaired)
Submandibular (paired)
Carotid (paired)
Muscular (paired)

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7
Q

which is the only unpaired triangle in anterior triangle?

A

submental

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8
Q

what are the borders of the submental triangle? (lateral, base, apex, floor)

A

Lateral-anterior bellies of digastric muscles
Base-body of hyoid bone
Apex-symphysis of mandible
Floor-mylohyoid muscles

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9
Q

what are the contents of the submental triangle?

A

submental lymph nodes

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10
Q

what are the borders of the submandibular triangle? (anterior/posterior, superior, floor)

A

Anterior/posterior-anterior & posterior bellies of digastric
Superior-inferior border of mandible
Floor-mylohyoid & hyoglossus muscles, middle pharyngeal constrictor

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11
Q

what are the contents of the submandibular triangle?

A

“Hypo SNiFS”
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Submandibular gland
Nerve to mylohyoid (branch of trigeminal, CN V)
Facial artery-deep to submandibular gland (vein superficial)
Stylohyoid muscle

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12
Q

what are the borders of the carotid triangle? (anterior, posterior, superior)

A

Anterior-superior belly of omohyoid
Posterior-anterior border of SCM
Superior-posterior belly of digastric

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13
Q

what are the contents of the carotid triangle?

A

“3 Carotid, Bloody Receptive VAJ”
Carotid Arteries: Common, external, & internal
Carotid sinus-dilation of proximal ICA
Carotid body
BaroReceptor & ChemoReceptor
Vagus nerve (CN X)- deep between artery and vein
Ansa cervicalis loop- motor to 3/4 infrahyoid muscles
Jugular Vein (internal)

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14
Q

what are the borders of the muscular triangle? (medial, superolateral, inferolateral)

A

Medial-midline of neck
Superolateral-superior belly of omohyoid
Inferolateral-anterior border of SCM

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15
Q

what are the contents of the muscular triangles?

A

infrahyoid muscles

viscera of neck

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16
Q

where are the suprahyoid muscles located? what do they do/form?

A

Superior to hyoid
Attach hyoid to cranium, elevate hyoid & larynx
Form floor of mouth & support tongue

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17
Q

what are the 4 suprahyoid muscles? what are they named for?

A

-mylohyoid
-geniohyoid
-stylohyoid
-digastric
“top down” names: from superior attachment- down

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18
Q

what are the 4 infrahyoid muscles? what are they named for?

A

-sternohyoid
-sternothyroid
-omohyoid
-thyrohyoid
“bottom up” names: from inferior attachment - up

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19
Q

what do the infrahyoid muscles do?

A

“Strap muscles”
Attach hyoid to manubrium, clavicle, & scapula,
Depress hyoid & larynx

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20
Q

mylohyoid: O, I, In

A

O-inner mandibular body
I-body of hyoid, midline
Nerve to mylohyoid (branch of CN V)

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21
Q

geniohyoid: O,I,In

A

O-inner mandibular apex
I-body of hyoid
Ventral ramus of C1

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22
Q

what muscle is deep to mylohyoid?

A

geniohyoid

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23
Q

stylohyoid: O,I,In

A

O-styloid process
I-body of hyoid
(Wraps around posterior digastric)
Stylohyoid branch of CN VII

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24
Q

what muscle wraps around posterior digastric?

A

stylohyoid

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25
Q

the digastric muscle has anterior/posterior bellies joined by what?

A

joined by intermediate tendon

Separate embryo origins

26
Q

digastric muscle: O,I, In

A

O-inferior mandibular apex (anterior); mastoid process (posterior)
I-sling at body of hyoid, allows intermediate tendon to slide
Anterior-nerve to mylohyoid (branch of CN V)
Posterior-digastric branch of CN VII

27
Q

sternohyoid: O,I,In

A

O-manubrium
I-body of hyoid
Ansa cervicalis

28
Q

what are the “bellies” of the omohyoid and what are they joined by?

A

Superior/inferior bellies, joined by intermediate tendon

29
Q

omohyoid: O,I, In

A

O-body of hyoid (superior); superior border of scapula (inferior)
I-sling arising from clavicle, allows intermediate tendon to slide
Ansa cervicalis

30
Q

what are the infrahyoid muscles divided into? what is in each group?

A

superficial: sternohyoid & omohyoid
Deep: sternoTHYROID, THYROhyoid

31
Q

sternothyroid: O,I,In

A

O-manubrium
I-thyroid cartilage
Ansa cervicalis

32
Q

Thyrohyoid: O,I, In

A

O-thyroid cartilage
I-body of hyoid
Ventral ramus of C1

33
Q

right and left common carotid arteries originate from where?

A

R originates from brachiocephalic truck

L originates from aortic arch

34
Q

common carotids: ascend to level of what? enclosed in what? terminate as what?

A

Ascend to level of superior border of thyroid cartilage
Enclosed in carotid sheath
Terminate as internal & external carotids

35
Q

which carotid has branches in the neck?

A

external: it has 6 (1 middle, 2 posterior, 3 anterior)

internal has none

36
Q

what is the main artery of the brain and orbits?

A

internal carotid

37
Q

internal carotid arteries enter the cranium via what?

A

Enter cranium via carotid canal of temporal bones

38
Q

what does the external carotid artery terminate as? where?

A

Terminate as maxillary & superficial temporal arteries within parotid gland

39
Q

what are the 6 branches of the external carotid artery in the neck?

A 
ascending pharyngeal
occipital
posterior auricular
superior thyroid
lingual 
facial 
"wash you external carotids with facial/lingual SOAP"
40
Q

which is the only medial branch of the external carotid artery?

A

ascending pharyngeal

41
Q

what are the 2 posterior branches of the external carotid?

A

occipital and posterior auricular

42
Q

what are the 3 anterior branches of the external carotid? in what order are they? (inferior to superior)

A

1st: superior thyroid
2nd: lingual
3rd: facial

43
Q

which branch of the external artery Passes superficial to ICA & CN IX-XI and is at the Apex of posterior triangle?

A

occipital

44
Q

which branch of the external carotid artery is the last prior to terminal branches? (on the posterior side)

A

posterior auricular artery

45
Q

the superior thyroid artery gives off what artery?

A

superior laryngeal

46
Q

the facial artery may share a common trunk with what other artery?

A

lingual

47
Q

external jugular vein: forms where? crosses what in its descent? pierces what? empties into what?

A

Form near angle of mandible
Crosses SCM in descent
Pierces investing fascia posterior to SCM
Empties into subclavian vein

48
Q

what muscle is the external jugular vein deep to?

A

platysma

49
Q

the ANTERIOR jugular vein: formed where? descends between what two things? empties into what?

A

Form near hyoid
Descend between SCM & midline
Empties into EJV or subclavian vein

50
Q

variable communicating veins between ___ and ____

A

AJV and EJV

51
Q

internal jugular vein: begins where? descends in what? passes deep to what?

A

Begins at jugular foramen of temporal bone
Descends in carotid sheath
Passes deep to SCM

52
Q

carotid sheath: what structures are medial, lateral and posterior?

A

Artery medial
Vein lateral
Nerve posterior

53
Q

the INTERNAL jugular vein is accesible via what?

A

Accessible via lesser supraclavicular fossa

54
Q

the INTERNAL jugular vein merges with what?

A

Merges with subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein

55
Q

the superior and middle thyroid veins are tributaries of what?

A

IJV

56
Q

what are the 4 nerves in the anterior triangle?

A
  • transverse cervical
  • ansa cervicalis
  • hypoglossal
  • vagus
57
Q

trans. cervical nerve is from C_ -C_ of the cervical plexus loop. what does it supply?

A

C2-C3 cervical plexus loop

Sensory-skin

58
Q

ansa cervicalis is from what levels of the cerivcal plexus loop? what does it supply?

A

C1-C2, C2-C3 cervical plexus loops

Motor branches-supply 3 of the 4 infrahyoid muscles

59
Q

hypoglossal nerve: descends between what two structures? deep to what?

A

Descends between ECA & IJV

Deep to posterior belly of digastric

60
Q

hypoglossal nerve supplies what?

A

motor- muscles of tongue

61
Q

vagus nerve runs with what in the anterior triangle? what does it supply?

A

Carotid sheath with carotids & IJV

supply: Pharyngeal/laryngeal muscles

62
Q

the deep neurovasc of the neck pass through the ____ of the neck

A

“root”

Anatomy (13 decks)

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