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ppt they sent Flashcards

1
Q

hypodermis is mainly

A

adipose tissue

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2
Q

of rows of stratum granulosum

A

3-5

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3
Q

of rows of stratum basale

A

1

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4
Q

type of cells in stratum basale

A

cuboidal, dividing by mitosis

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5
Q

components of stratum corneum

A 
Loricrin
Involucrin
Profilaggrin
Trichohyalin
SPR's
S100A proteins
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6
Q

protein components of granular layer

A

Keratin 1, 2, 9, 10
TG3
desmoglein-1
desmocollin-1

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7
Q

Components of spinous layer

A

TG1, TG5

desmoglein-2, 3, 4

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8
Q

Components of basal layer

A

Keratin 5, 14
TG2
BPAG1

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9
Q

Components of basal lamina

A

BPAG2
collagen-17
a6b4 integrin
laminin-5

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10
Q

trichohyalin gives

A

mechanical strength (cross links with itself and other structural proteins)

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11
Q

SP100 protein function

A 
regulatory
protein phosphorylation
transcription factors
Ca homeostasis
cytoskeleton constituents
enzyme actiivty
growth and differentiation
inflammatory response
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12
Q

function of desmoglein

A

component of desmosomes

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13
Q

BPAG stands for

A

bullous pemphigoid antigen

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14
Q

a6b4 integrin is associated with

A

tumor cell survival regulation

integrins are cell surface receptors for cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions

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15
Q

laminin 5

A

epithelial adhesion ligand

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16
Q

function of stratum granulosum

A

barrier to penetration by foreign materials

limits water loss

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17
Q

Cells in stratum granulosum contain

A

basophilic keratohyalin granules

membrane-coated lamellar granules

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18
Q

function of stratum spinosum

A

resistance to abrasion

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19
Q

Description of cells in stratum spinosum

A

cytoplasm filled with bundles of keratin filaments

desmosomes (intercellular bridges)

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20
Q

function of stratum basale

A

source of keratinocytes
stem cells, melanocytes
senses messages from dermis

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21
Q

Type of collagen in lamina lucida

A

collagen 17

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22
Q

Type of collagen in lamina densa

A

collagen 4

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23
Q

anchoring fibrils are which type of collagen

A

7

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24
Q

Dermis consists of

A

collagen 1 and 3

25
Q

Types of connections between cells in epidermis

A

Tight junction
Adherens junction
Desmosomes
Gap junction

26
Q

effect of UV irradiation on melanin

A

accelarates synthesis in melanocytes

27
Q

melanin granules accumulate in

A

supra-nuclear region

28
Q

Langerhans cells are

A

first immunitary sensor to external aggression

UV/bacteria/virus

29
Q

to carry out function, Langerhans cells

A
  • transform into dendritic cells

- activate T-lymphocytes

30
Q

immunity response once langerhans cells activate t lymphocytes is associated with

A

inflammation

blood cell infiltration

31
Q

Papillary layer of dermis consists of

A
  • areolar connective tissue
  • dermal papillae
  • tactile corpuscles (meissner)
  • dermal friction ridges
32
Q

Reticular layer of dermis consists of

A

dense irregular connective tissue

33
Q

Main proteins secreted by dermal cells

A

Collagen (I, III, V, VII)
Elastin
Non-collagenous glycoproteins
Glycosaminoglycans/proteoglycans

34
Q

function of collagen in dermis

A

tensile properties

35
Q

function of elastin in dermis

A

elasticity, resilience

36
Q

function of non collagenous glycoproteins in dermis

A

cell adhesion and motility

37
Q

function of glycosaminoglycans/proteoglycans in dermis

A

hydration

38
Q

function of fibroblasts

A

secrete connective tissue in dermis

39
Q

function of dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils in dermis

A

control immunity response to aggression

40
Q

UVA irradiation causes

A

elastosis (elastin degradation/oxidation and cross-linking)

41
Q

sebum is secreted _________ and released _______

A

into the hair follicle

onto the surface of the skin

42
Q

function of sebum

A

waterproofing and moisturizing for hair and skin

43
Q

hypersensitivity to androgens leads to (in terms of sebum)

A

increased sebum excretion
hyperkeratinization of pilosebaceous duct–>formation of microcomedone
initial changes seen in lower part of follicular infundibulum

44
Q

effect of formation of microcomedone

A

prevents passage of sebum onto the skin

occludes follicular opening–>proliferation of P. acnes

45
Q

function/location of pacinian corpuscle

A

sensing deep pressure

found in dermis

46
Q

function/location of free nerve endings in skin

A

warmth/cold/pain
lower layers of epidermis
abundant in hair follicles

47
Q

function/location of meissner’s corpuscles

A

detect light touch

dermal papilla

48
Q

characteristics of innate aging (genetic)

A

fine wrinkling
atrophy of dermis
loss of subcutaneous fat

49
Q

characteristics of photoaging (actinic damage)

A

Coarse wrinkling

Solar elastosis

50
Q

differences in newborn skin vs aged skin

A

abundant collagen network–>loss of collagen, atrophy of dermis

intact elastic fiber network–>degenerated

abundance of hyaluronic acid, high degree of hydration–>loss of hydration

51
Q

causes of cutaneous aging in dermis

A

decline in collagen biosynthesis (reduced synthesis of hydroxyproline, increased solubility of newly synthesized collagen)

decline in elastin mRNA levels

52
Q

effects of aging on epidermis

A
  • metabolism slows down
  • differentiation process slows down
  • defense mechanisms weaken
  • skin barrier decreases
  • hydration decreases
  • immunity decreases
  • antioxidants/repairing enzymes efficiency decreases
  • intercellular communication/adhesion decreases
  • oxidated waste accumulates (age spots)
  • subcellular inflammation increases
53
Q

what can raman spectroscopy measure

A

in vivo tests to show:
improved skin penetration
active transformation

54
Q

what is raman spectroscopy

A

in vivo active penetration evaluation
shines monochromatic light->detect scattered light
small amt scattered light is shifted in energy from laser frequency due to interactions between incident EM waves and vibrational energy levels of molecules in sample

the active will have a specific raman signature which allows identification in the skin

information obtained from deep layers under surface, for real time tracking of drug in skin layers

55
Q

what does RT-PCR stand for, and what does it do in general

A

Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction

shows whether or not a specific gene is being expressed in a given sample

56
Q

how is RT-PCR relevant for cosmetics

A

study expression profile of genes involved in key skin biology processes–> use the array to identify skin care benefits of actives/mechanism of action

57
Q

what do DNA chips do

A

identify genes that are turned on or off as cells react to a chemical (by detecting mRNA)
pattern of gene activity should indicate toxicity/offer clues to biochemical pathways by which harm occurs

(reduce need for animal testing)

58
Q

High-content screening is used to identify

A

cytotoxicity of things such as delivery vehicles for actives

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