PPT. Notes - Components

Question 1

A project management process component performed to formally complete or finish the project, phase, or contract. When the project comes to an end.

Answer 1

Closing

Question 2

A Collect Requirements Process Component - A method of obtaining early feedback on requirements by providing a working model of the expected product before building it.

Answer 2

Prototypes/Prototyping

Question 3

A communications management plan component that sets key messages that you will communicate to your stakeholders. This means setting a key message for each stakeholder that is aligned with your role.

Answer 3

Key Messages

Question 4

Economic Term - The cost that is given up when selecting another project

Answer 4

Opportunity Cost

Question 5

One of eight commonly used Agile Metric -

The sum of completed activities

Answer 5

Throughput

Question 6

A project management process required to track, review, and regulate the project and performance of the project management plan; identify any areas in which changes to the plan are required; and initiate the corresponding changes.

Answer 6

Monitoring & Controlling

Question 7

One of five phases in the Agile Proj. Mgmt. Framework -

Teams know that changes are likely to occur, and they are ready for them. By receiving continuous feedback from customers, the team can adapt accordingly and ensure that the product they deliver really produces the optimal value for end-users.

Answer 7

Adapt

Question 8

Instructional Page Project Control Metric - The expected total cost of completing all work expressed as the sum of the actual cost to date and estimate to complete

Answer 8

Estimate at Completion

Question 9

Special Metric used in Scrum -

This is a way of measuring how much work a certain team can complete within one sprint.

Answer 9

Velocity

Question 10

A project management process component performed to define a new project or a new phase of an existing project by obtaining authorization to start the project or phase.

Answer 10

Initiation/Initiating

Question 11

A Dependency Link - Tasks B can’t finish until Task A has started

Answer 11

Start to Finish

Question 12

Tool used in the Estimate Activity Resource Process - Because it may prove difficult to estimate complex activities, it makes sense to break activities down into smaller chunks of work so that they may be estimated and summed up from the bottom level.

Answer 12

Bottom-Up Estimating

Question 13

A communications management plan component that outlines the main communication methods and different channels you will be using to contact stakeholders, such as email, phone calls, in-person meetings, video meetings, social media communications, etc.

Answer 13

Communication Methods

Question 14

A Collect Requirements Process Component - Consists of reviewing and assessing any relevant information. Used to elicit requirements by analyzing existing documentation and identifying information relevant to the requirements.

Answer 14

Document Analysis

Question 15

One of Two metrics used in Kanban -

The time it takes a task to be completed, from the time it is given to a team until the time it is fully completed. - To measure this, you not note: When an activity is prioritized and when an activity is done. - Often very different for every project, even for the same type of work.

Answer 15

Lead Time

Question 16

One of five phases in the Agile Proj. Mgmt. Framework -

At this stage, you create a list of the product features. You break down the features and group them so you can derive a release plan and the milestones you will work to achieve. You should also analyze which tasks are more critical than other tasks of the project, and you decide how to maintain the quality of the deliverables.

Answer 16

Speculate

Question 17

Tool used in the Estimate Activity Resource Process - When considering the resource requirements for each activity, it may be helpful to consider alternative ways of carrying out the work as well as the resources needed to do so.

Answer 17

Alternative Analysis

Question 18

Activity Terminology - A distinct, scheduled portion of work performed during the course of a project.

Answer 18

Activity

Question 19

A project management process performed to complete the work defined in the project management plan to satisfy the project requirements.

Answer 19

Executing

Question 20

One of Two metrics used in Kanban - Measures how long it takes your team to directly deliver the tasks given to them. Starts from the point where the project team begins work on the tasks of a project.

Answer 20

Cycle Time

Question 21

Schedule Path Terminology - The sequence of activities that represents the longest path through a project, which determines the shortest possible solution

Answer 21

Critical Path

Question 22

A Collect Requirements Process Component - Provides a direct way of viewing individuals in their environment and how they perform their jobs or tasks and carry out processes. Also known as “job shadowing,” it is usually done externally by an observer viewing a business expert performing a job.

Answer 22

Observations

Question 23

When a Dependency is not just a Dependency - A limiting factor that affects the execution of a project, program, portfolio process

Answer 23

Constraint

Question 24

A communications management plan component that includes the main team members from your project team, along with their roles.

Answer 24

Team Members

Question 25

A Collect Requirements Process Component - Involves **comparing actual or planned practices or the project’s quality standards to those of comparable projects** to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance.

Answer 25

Benchmarking

Question 26

Tool used in the Estimate Activity Resource Process - Those who are considered experts or even who have carried out similar tasks, should be involved in all aspects of estimating as this will result in a more realistic and achievable activities within the estimated activity resources process and the resulting schedule

Answer 26

Expert Judgement

Question 27

A conflict Resolution Technique - Pushing one’s viewpoint at the expense of others; offering only win-lose solutions, usually enforced through a power position, to resolve an emergency

Answer 27

Force/Direct

Question 28

Economic Term - After a certain point, increases in input do not lead to increases in output

Answer 28

Law of Diminishing Returns

Question 29

A Dependency Link - Task B can’t start until task A has finished

Answer 29

Finish to Start

Question 30

Economic Term - Money that has already been spent and cannot be recovered

Answer 30

Sunk Cost

Question 31

A conflict resolution technique - Incorporating multiple viewpoints and insights from differing perspectives; requires a cooperative attitude and open dialogue that typically leads to consensus and commitment.

Answer 31

Collaborate/Problem Solve

Question 32

Tool used in the Estimate Activity Resource Process - Two forms: internal published sources based on historical data and experience of carrying out similar activities. And industry standard tables of resources and effort.

Answer 32

Published Estimating Data

Question 33

One of five phases in the Agile Proj. Mgmt. Framework - In this phase, the team members will explore the various options they have to fulfill all the requirements of the project while keeping within the boundaries of time and money. This phase works in parallel with the Adapt phase because teams may have to change their plan or the way they work if their customer changes their minds or of the feedback they get suggests that a change is needed.

Answer 33

Explore

Question 34

A Collect Requirements Process Component - **Focused sessions that bring key stakeholders together.** These things are considered a primary technique for **quickly defining cross-functional requirements and reconciling stakeholder differences.**

Answer 34

Faciltated Workshops

Question 35

A Requirements Traceability Matrix where **test cases are mapped with the requirements.**

Answer 35

Backward Traceability

Question 36

One of eight commonly used Agile Metric - Measures how long a work item has been “stuck” on the agile board

Answer 36

Work Item Age

Question 37

One of eight commonly used Agile Metric - Used to measure customer satisfaction. Rates customers’ experiences

Answer 37

Net Promoter Score (NPS)

Question 38

Instructional Page Project Control Metric - The amount of **budget deficit or surplus** at a given point in time, expressed as the difference between the earned value and the actual cost.

Answer 38

Cost Variance (CV)

Question 39

One of five phases in the Agile Proj. Mgmt. Framework - This is where teams ensure that the final deliverable is checked against the updated requirements of the customers. Teams also discuss their mistakes so they can be avoided in future projects.

Answer 39

Close

Question 40

Schedule Path Terminology - A series of connected activities

Answer 40

Path

Question 41

A Project Illustration Tool that is commonly presented in the activity-on-node diagram format **showing activities and relationships without a time scale**, sometimes referred to as a pure logic diagram.

Answer 41

Network Schedule Diagram

Question 42

Schedule Path Terminology - An activity, event, or path which, if delayed, will delay the completion of the project

Answer 42

Critical

Question 43

Instructional Page Project Control Metric - A measure of **schedule efficiency** expressed as the ratio of earned value to planned value

Answer 43

Schedule Performance Index (SPI)

Question 44

Instructional Page Project Control Metric - A **measure of** **schedule performance** expressed as the difference between the earned value and the planned value

Answer 44

Schedule Variance (SV)

Question 45

Meetings that are regularly scheduled events to exchange information about the project.

Answer 45

Status Meetings

Question 46

A meeting where the end of the project (or the closing phase) is discussed which is an excellent opportunity to review how the work unfolded.

Answer 46

Review Meetings

Question 47

Popular Software Development Project Management Method - Newer than waterfall and **typically implemented with Scrum or Kanban**

Answer 47

Agile

Question 48

A Dependency Type - The project team completes project activities while non-project activities are handled by people external to the project team

Answer 48

External

Question 49

A conflict resolution technique - Retreating from an actual or potential conflict situation; postponing the issue to be better prepared or to be resolved by others

Answer 49

Withdraw/Avoid

Question 50

Primary Estimate Resource Approach - Focuses on the main project deliverable, breaking it down into smaller chunks of work until all the to-do tasks are cleared Performed by the project manager and the details of the small tasks get cleaned up by the team

Answer 50

Top-Down Approach

Question 51

Any organizational structure in which staff are grouped by areas of specialization and the project management has limited authority to assign work and apply resources.

Answer 51

Functional Organizational Structure

Question 52

A brainstorming technique used to generate ideas through individual brainstorming sessions. These ideas are then consolidated into a single map to reflect commonalities and differences in understanding and then generating new ideas.

Answer 52

Idea/Mind Mapping

Question 53

Option to Estimate the Resources - Quantitative assessment of the likely costs for the project resources. Can show you how the project stands to affect the bottom line

Answer 53

Estimates Costs

Question 54

Meetings that allow you to bring issues and new solutions to the table throughout the life cycle of a project.

Answer 54

Change Control Meetings

Question 55

A Group Creaitivty Technique that **enhances brainstorming with a voting process** used to **rank the most useful ideas** for further brainstorming or prioritization.

Answer 55

Nominal Group Technique

Question 56

One of eight commonly used Agile Metric - How much work a team completes. The team’s “error demand." New errors vs old errors

Answer 56

Escaped Defects

Question 57

A Dependency Type - Also known as preferred or soft logic; activities A and B can either be interdependent or dependent

Answer 57

Discretionary

Question 58

Activity Terminology - One activity must be completed before the next one can begin. Also, the process of identifying and documenting relationships among the project activities

Answer 58

Sequential Activities

Question 59

Triple Constraint Model Component - The tasks required to fulfill the project's goals.

Answer 59

Scope

Question 60

When a Dependency is not just a Dependency - Between two activities, or between an activity and a milestone

Answer 60

Dependency

Question 61

A brainstorming technique used to identify a problem, discover the underlying causes that lead to it, and develop preventative actions.

Answer 61

Root Cause Analysis

Question 62

A Dependency Type - Also knows as hard logic, which is legally or contractually required; activity B cannot start until activity A is completed

Answer 62

Mandatory

Question 63

Any organizational structure in which the project manager shares responsibility with the functional managers for assigning priorities and for directing the work of persons assigned to the project.

Answer 63

Matrix Organizational Structure

Question 64

Primary Estimate Resource Approach - Focuses on the team members resolving all the phases and tasks of the project to form the end deliverable. Performed by the entire team, right from the beginning, with all the small details taken care of from the start.

Answer 64

Bottom-Up Approach

Question 65

Schedule Terminology - The result of completing one or more activities

Answer 65

Event

Question 66

A prototyping technique **showing sequence or navigation through a series of images or illustrations.**

Answer 66

Storyboarding

Question 67

A Group Creativity Technique that utilizes a decision matrix to **provide a systematic analytical approach for establishing criteria**, such as risk levels, uncertainty, and valuation, **to evaluate and rank many ideas.**

Answer 67

Multicriteria Decision Analysis

Question 68

A conflict resolution technique - Searching for solutions that bring some degree of satisfaction to all parties in order to temporarily or partially resolve the conflict

Answer 68

Compromise/Reconcile

Question 69

One of eight commonly used Agile Metric - Team may want to follow up on work remaining per taks.

Answer 69

Work Remaining on Tasks

Question 70

Instructional Page Project Control Metric - The authorized budget assigned to scheduled work.

Answer 70

Planned Value (PV)

Question 71

Instructional Page Project Control Metric - A measure of the **cost efficiency** of budgeted resources expressed as a ratio of earned value to actual cost

Answer 71

Cost Performance Index (CPI)

Question 72

A Project Illustration Tool that **represents schedule information** where activities are listed on the vertical axis, dates are shown on the horizontal axis, and the activity durations are shown as horizontal bars placed according to start and finish dates.

Answer 72

Gantt Chart

Question 73

Triple Constraint Model Component - The resulting product of service performs well and is suitable for its intended purpose.

Answer 73

Quality

Question 74

A communications management plan component that **includes the type of communication, to whom, how that communication will be shared, and what will be included.**

Answer 74

Communication Type

Question 75

Triple Constraint Model Component - The schedule for the project to reach completion.

Answer 75

Time

Question 76

A Collect Requirements Process Component - **Written sets of questions** designed to **quickly accumulate information from many respondents.**

Answer 76

Questionnaires and Surveys

Question 77

A Dependency Link - Task B can’t finish until Task A has finished

Answer 77

Finish to Finish

Question 78

Schedule Terminology - The combination of all activities and events that define a project

Answer 78

Network

Question 79

Any organizational structure in which the project manager has full authority to assign priorities and resources, and to direct the work of persons assigned to the project.

Answer 79

Project Oriented Structure

Question 80

Meetings that initiate the project, allowing key members of the project to meet, ask questions, and learn more about their role on the project.

Answer 80

Kickoff Meetings

Question 81

A Group Deicison Making Technique when a decision that is reached where **everyone agrees on a single course of action**

Answer 81

Unanimity

Question 82

A communications management plan component that includes communication goals can **help ensure you make decisions based on what you are trying to achieve.**

Answer 82

Communication Goals

Question 83

One of five phases in the Agile Proj. Mgmt. Framework - In this phase, you describe the product that you want to develop, and you identify the stakeholders to the project. You will determine the objectives of the project, and what customer needs they are solving.

Answer 83

Envision

Question 84

A Type a Requirements Traceability Matrix that is **used to map the requirements to the test cases.**

Answer 84

Forward Traceability

Question 85

Option to Estimate the Resources - Identifies the resource type, quantity and characteristics required to complete the activity considering both costs and duration estimates provide more accurate overall results.

Answer 85

Estimate Activity Resources (Labor)

Question 86

One of eight commonly used Agile Metric - Gives you a picture of how much waste and indicates “block” and “unblocked” dates

Answer 86

Blocked Time

Question 87

One of eight commonly used Agile Metric - Depicts all the steps in your work process. Shows how much work was completed. How much is being tested. How much is in progress. How much is on your backlog

Answer 87

Cumulative Flow Diagram

Question 88

Instructional Page Project Control Metric - The **realized cost incurred** for the work performed on an activity during a specific time period

Answer 88

Actual Cost (AC)

Question 89

Popular Software Development Project Management Method - Often called the traditional method of software development

Answer 89

Waterfall

Question 90

A Group Decision Making Technique where a decision that is reached with **support obtained from more than 50% of the members of the group.**

Answer 90

Majority

Question 91

Activity Terminology - The activity that must be completed just before another activity can begin

Answer 91

Immediate Predecessor

Question 92

Instructional Page Project Control Metric - The **measure of work performed** expressed in terms of the budget authorized for that work

Answer 92

Earned Value

Question 93

Meetings that allow you the opportunity to win and sustain the support of your stakeholders is an important contributor to your project’s success.

Answer 93

Stakeholder Meetings

Question 94

A Group Decision Making Technique where a decision that is reached when **the largest block in a group decides**, **even if a majority is not achieved.** This method is generally used when the number of options nominated is more than two.

Answer 94

Plurality

Question 95

A Dependency Type - Between two project activities, where the project team has completed control

Answer 95

Internal

Question 96

A Project Illustration Tool or method that is used to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of scheduling flexibility on the logical network paths within the schedule model. This schedule network analysis technique calculates the early start, early finish, late start, and late finish dates for all activities without regard for any resource limitations by performing a forward and backward pass analysis through the schedule network.

Answer 96

Critical Path Method

Question 97

One of eight commonly used Agile Metric - You will be given the overall picture of project progress

Answer 97

Epic and Release Burndown

Question 98

A Collect Requirements Process Component - **Visually depicts the product scope** by showing **how a business system interacts with it.**

Answer 98

Context Diagram

Question 99

A Requirements Traceability Matrix that **maps requirements to test cases** to **forward traceability,** and test cases to requirements for **backward traceability** in a single document.

Answer 99

Bidirectional Traceability

Question 100

Tool used in the Estimate Activity Resource Process - Applications such as Microsoft project, among others, can assist in storing and structuring information and will allow swift calculations of alternatives or schedule possibilities. Alternatively, these tasks can be performed using simple methods such as sticky notes or spreadsheets

Answer 100

Project Management Software

Question 101

A project management process required to establish the scope of the project, refine the objectives, and define the course of action required to attain the objectives that the project was undertaken to achieve.

Answer 101

Planning

Question 102

Triple Constraint Model Component - The financial constraints of a project, also known as the project budget.

Answer 102

Cost

Question 103

When a Dependency is not just a Dependency - An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on one or more project objectives

Answer 103

Risk

Question 104

A Project Illustration Tool that is like a bar chart, but only identify the scheduled start or completion of major deliverables and key external interfaces

Answer 104

Milestone Chart

Question 105

A Group Creaitivty Technique used to **identify a list of ideas in a short period of time**. Although this technique by itself **does not include voting or prioritization**, it is often used with other group creativity techniques that do.

Answer 105

Brainstorming

Question 106

Economic Term - Cash and other assets available after current liabilities are accounted for

Answer 106

Working Capital

Question 107

Schedule Terminology - A specific task or set of tasks that are required by the project, uses up resources, and take time to complete.

Answer 107

Activity

Question 108

A brainstorming technique - Similar to free writing, this is a quick way to get thoughts onto paper. You will write down and categorize information into quick lists as they come to you.

Answer 108

Generating Lists

Question 109

A communications management plan component that **depends on your stakeholders.** For example, some stakeholders would prefer formal communication while others like informal and open communication.

Answer 109

Communication Style

Question 110

A brainstorming technique - Generating and writing ideas down on paper as they come to you helps determine important information.

Answer 110

Free Writing

Question 111

A communications management plan component that is **usually set from the beginning.** For example, you will set a weekly meeting schedule with your teams, but a monthly meeting with other stakeholders or clients. You also **can change meeting schedule depending on certain changes occurring in the project.**

Answer 111

Meeting Schedule

Question 112

A conflict resolution technique - Emphasizing areas of agreement rather than areas of difference; conceding one’s position to the needs of others to maintain harmony and relationships

Answer 112

Smooth/Accommodate

Question 113

Activity Terminology - Activities that can take place at the same time

Answer 113

Parallel Activities

Question 114

A Group Creativity Technique that **allows large number of ideas to be classified for review and analysis.**

Answer 114

Affinity Diagram(s)

Question 115

Collect Requirements Process Component - A formal or informal approach to **elicit information from stakeholders by** **talking to them directly**. Typically performed by asking prepared and spontaneous questions and recording the responses.

Answer 115

An Interview

Question 116

A Group Creativity Technique that **consolidates ideas created** through individual brainstorming sessions **into a single map to reflect commonality and differences in understanding and generate new ideas.**

Answer 116

Idea/Mind Mapping

Question 117

Option to Estimate the Resources - Assesses **the number of work periods** needed to complete individual activities which supports a more accurate schedule.

Answer 117

Estimate Activity Durations

Question 118

A Collect Requirements Process Component - A technique that **brings together prequalified stakeholders and subject matter experts to learn about their expectations and attitudes** regarding a proposed product, service, or result.

Answer 118

Focus Group(s)

Question 119

A Dependency Link - Task B can’t start until task A has started

Answer 119

Start to Start

Question 120

A communications management plan component that **includes all stakeholders’ contact information, such as phone numbers and email addresses.**

Answer 120

Key Stakeholder

Question 121

When a Dependency is not just a Dependency - A factor considered to be true, real, or certain, often without proof or demonstration

Answer 121

Assumption