PPT (Cell Division)

Question 1

What are the three main reasons why cells divide?

Answer 1

Growth, repair, and reproduction

Question 2

This process allows organisms to grow by adding new cells.

Answer 2

Mitosis

Question 3

In multicellular organisms, some cells perform different functions through this process.

Answer 3

Differentiation

Question 4

The division of the nucleus into two new nuclei.

Answer 4

Mitosis

Question 5

The actual division of the cell into two new cells.

Answer 5

Cytokinesis

Question 6

This thin fibrous form of DNA and proteins is present before chromosome condensation.

Answer 6

Chromatin

Question 7

Identical structures that result from chromosome replication and are formed during the S phase.

Answer 7

Sister chromatids

Question 8

The point where sister chromatids are joined together.

Answer 8

Centromere

Question 9

The short arm of a chromosome.

Answer 9

P-arm

Question 10

The long arm of a chromosome.

Answer 10

Q-arm

Question 11

The tips of a chromosome.

Answer 11

Telomere

Question 12

The two main parts of the cell cycle.

Answer 12

Growth and preparation (interphase) and cell division

Question 13

The longest part of the cell cycle.

Answer 13

Interphase

Question 14

(Phases of Mitosis)

In this phase, chromosomes condense, microtubules form, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

Answer 14

Prophase

Question 15

Phases of Mitosis

In this phase, chromosomes are pulled to the center of the cell and line up along the metaphase plate.

Answer 15

Metaphase

Question 16

Phases of Mitosis

In this phase, centromeres divide and spindle fibers pull one set of chromosomes to each pole.

Answer 16

Anaphase

Question 17

Phases of Mitosis

In this phase, the nuclear envelope forms around chromosomes, and cytokinesis begins.

Answer 17

Telophase

Question 18

Phases of Mitosis

The pinching of the plasma membrane in animal cells during cytokinesis.

Answer 18

Cleavage furrow

Question 19

Phases of Mitosis

The structure that forms in plant cells during cytokinesis, leading to the future cell wall and membrane.

Answer 19

Cell plate

Question 20

A division of the nucleus that reduces chromosome number by half.

Answer 20

Meiosis

Question 21

The type of reproduction in which meiosis is essential.

Answer 21

Sexual reproduction

Question 22

The chromosome number in a diploid cell.

Answer 22

Two sets of chromosomes (2n)

Question 23

The chromosome number in a haploid cell.

Answer 23

One set of chromosomes (n)

Question 24

The special term for chromosomes that carry genes for the same traits but come from different parents.

Answer 24

Homologous pair

Question 25

The process in which homologous chromosomes pair up to form a tetrad.

Answer 25

Synapsis

Question 26

The process in which chromatids of a tetrad exchange genetic material.

Answer 26

Crossing over

Question 27

The phase where tetrads or homologous chromosomes move to the center of the cell.

Answer 27

Metaphase I

Question 28

The phase where homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles.

Answer 28

Anaphase I

Question 29

The phase where two haploid daughter nuclei are formed.

Answer 29

Telophase I

Question 30

The second division of meiosis that occurs without additional DNA replication.

Answer 30

Meiosis II

Question 31

The final result of meiosis.

Answer 31

Four haploid daughter cells

Question 32

Both mitosis and meiosis involve these processes.

Answer 32

Nuclear division, replication, disappearance of the nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane, and formation of spindle fibers

Question 33

The type of cells produced by mitosis.

Answer 33

Genetically identical daughter cells

Question 34

The type of cells produced by meiosis.

Answer 34

Genetically distinct daughter cells

Question 35

In meiosis, cell division occurs this many times.

Answer 35

Twice

Question 36

In meiosis, DNA replication occurs this many times.

Answer 36

Once

Question 37

Differences between members of a population that contribute to survival.

Answer 37

Variation

Question 38

The process in meiosis that results in random separation of chromosomes in gametes.

Answer 38

Independent assortment