Lesson 1: Digestive System

Question 1

What is the main function of the digestive system?

Answer 1

To break down large food molecules.

Question 2

Name the major parts/organs of the digestive system.

Answer 2

Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus.

Question 3

Name the accessory organs of the digestive system.

Answer 3

Liver, Pancreas, Gallbladder.

Question 4

This organ is responsible for the initial mechanical digestion of food through chewing.

Answer 4

Mouth

Question 5

What does the mouth contain that helps with chemical digestion?

Answer 5

Salivary glands that produce saliva containing enzymes.

Question 6

What is the function of the esophagus?

Answer 6

It is a muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach through peristalsis.

Question 7

What process moves food through the esophagus?

Answer 7

Peristalsis

Question 8

This organ secretes gastric juices, including hydrochloric acid and enzymes, to break down food.

Answer 8

Stomach

Question 9

What does the stomach do besides breaking down food?

Answer 9

Mixes, stores food, and gradually releases it into the small intestine.

Question 10

What is the main function of the small intestine?

Answer 10

Absorbing nutrients from food to nourish the body.

Question 11

Which organ is the major site of nutrient absorption?

Answer 11

Small Intestine

Question 12

What is the main function of the large intestine?

Answer 12

Absorbs water and turns leftover material into stool (feces).

Question 13

What is the function of the rectum?

Answer 13

Temporary storage for stool.

Question 14

What is the function of the anus?

Answer 14

Expels feces from the body through defecation.

Question 15

What are the two types of digestion that happen in the mouth?

Answer 15

Mechanical digestion and Chemical digestion.

Question 16

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 16

The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces.

Question 17

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 17

The process where enzymes break down large food molecules into smaller molecules.

Question 18

This organ produces bile and detoxifies harmful substances.

Answer 18

Liver

Question 19

A greenish-yellow fluid produced by the liver that breaks down fats into fatty acids.

Answer 19

bile

Question 20

Which organ stores and releases bile?

Answer 20

Gallbladder

Question 21

Produces digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Answer 21

function of the pancreas

Question 22

What are the three main digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas?

Answer 22

Amylase, Lipase, Peptidase.

Question 23

What does amylase do?

Answer 23

Breaks down complex sugar (starch) into simple sugar.

Question 24

What does lipase do?

Answer 24

Breaks down fats.

Question 25

What does peptidase do?

Answer 25

Breaks down proteins into amino acids.

Question 26

What are the 5 steps of digestion?

Answer 26

1. Ingestion (Mouth – take in food) 2. Digestion (Stomach – break down food) 3. Absorption (Small Intestine – nutrients in) 4. Assimilation (Bloodstream – nutrients distributed) 5. Egestion (Anus – waste expelled)

Question 27

A process that moves food through the alimentary canal.

Answer 27

peristalsis

Question 28

A globular protein that increases the rate of a biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy threshold.

Answer 28

enzyme

Question 29

Why do large food molecules need to be digested?

Answer 29

So that nutrients can be absorbed.

Question 30

What are biological catalysts that speed up digestion?

Answer 30

Enzymes

Question 31

What do salivary glands produce?

Answer 31

Saliva

Question 32

What does saliva contain?

Answer 32

Special enzymes that start breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth.

Question 33

How does saliva help with digestion?

Answer 33

It makes food easier to swallow.

Question 34

A muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach.

Answer 34

esophagus

Question 35

What is the function of the esophageal muscles?

Answer 35

They contract and relax to propel food down to the stomach.

Question 36

Stores bile produced by the liver and releases it into the small intestine to help digest fats.

Answer 36

gallbladder

Question 37

What does the stomach do to food?

Answer 37

Churns, mixes with gastric juices, and forms chyme.

Question 38

Absorbs water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter.

Answer 38

main function of the large intestine

Question 39

The opening at the end of the digestive tract to expel waste.

Answer 39

anus

Question 40

Where does digestion begin?

Answer 40

In the mouth.

Question 41

What role do teeth play in digestion?

Answer 41

They cut and grind food.

Question 42

What does the tongue do in digestion?

Answer 42

Mixes food with saliva and creates a bolus.

Question 43

A slippery mass of food pushed toward the throat for swallowing.

Answer 43

bolus

Question 44

A passage that connects the mouth and the esophagus.

Answer 44

pharynx

Question 45

What two systems is the pharynx a part of?

Answer 45

The digestive system and respiratory system.

Question 46

What does the pharynx allow to pass through?

Answer 46

Air and food.

Question 47

What is the largest gland in the human body?

Answer 47

Liver

Question 48

Produces bile and participates in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.

Answer 48

functions of the liver

Question 49

Produces digestive enzymes and insulin.

Answer 49

Pancreas

Question 50

What does the pancreas help break down?

Answer 50

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in food.

Question 51

Where does most nutrient absorption take place?

Answer 51

Small Intestine

Question 52

Why is the small intestine highly efficient at absorption?

Answer 52

It is winding and curving, increasing surface area for absorption.

Question 53

What is the function of the rectum?

Answer 53

Stores waste before expelling it.