PPT 2 Flashcards
What is the date of Anthony’s model?
1963
What are the 3 aspects of Anthony’s model?
- Approach
- Method
- Technique
How is define the Approach in Anthony’s model?
It is a set of correlative assumptions and beliefs about the nature of language teaching and learning. Axiomatic
What does Axiomatic means?
FIND OUT
How is define the Method in Anthony’s model?
An overall plan for orderly presentation of language material, based on the approach.
Choices are made about the content, skills and the order of presentation. Procedural
How is define the Techniques in Anthony’s model?
What actually takes place in a classroom in order to accomplish the objectives; classroom procedures; implementation
How is made the arrangement in Anthony’s model?
It is hierarchical.
The techniques to carry out a given method is consistent with the approach
What does this model help to distinguish?
Different degree of abstraction and specificity.
Moves from a general and abstract level (approach) to a specific and concrete level (technique)
What are the advantages of Anthony’s Model ?
Simplicity and comprehensiveness is showing the relationship between the theoretical principles and the practices derived from them.
What are the disadvantages of Anthony’s Model?
Insufficient attention to:
- The nature of the method
- The roles of the teachers and learners
- The role and form of the instructional material
- How an approach can be realized in a method; how the two are related
What is the date of Mackey’s model?
1965
What are the two levels of Mackey’s model?
- Method
2. Technique
On what is based Mackey’s model?
- Selection
- Gradation
- Presentation
- Repetition
What are the failure of Mackey’s Model?
- More of a textbook analysis than a teaching analysis
- Lacking the approach level
- Do not deal with the actual classroom behaviors of teachers and learners (text-based analysis, not classroom-based analysis)
What are the three categories of Anthony’s Revised Model?
- Approach
- Design
- Procedure
What defines the Approach category of Anthony’s Revised Model?
A: A theory of the nature of the language (the philosophy or the belief of a method)
B: A theory of the nature of the language learning (Cognitive, personal, interpersonal and social processes in 2nd lg learning)
What defines the Design category of Anthony’s Revised Model?
A: The objectives of the method
B: Syllabus model (lg content selection and organisation)
C: Activities (learning tasks and teaching activities)
D: Learners roles
E: Teachers roles
F: Role of the instructional material
What defines the Procedures category of Anthony’s Revised Model?
Classroom techniques, practices and behaviors in classroom
What characterizes the Cognitive Model?
- Language shows the properties of the mind:
- Mind is a computer having input, process and output
- Representationalism: Storing internal representation of eternal events
- Learning as abstract knowledge acquisition: Abstracting rules of competence that underlies linguistic performances (Chomsky) - Chomsky’s Universal Grammar(UG) (the 1980’s): Principles and parameters
- Grammart Translation Method
- Cognitive Code Approach
- Silent Way
What characterizes the Structural Model?
- Language is a system of naturally structured elements for the coding of meaning
- Different elements to the system
- Audiolingual Method
- Situational Language Teaching
- Total Physical Response
What are the different elements of the system evoke in the Structural Model?
- Phonological units (Phoneme)
- Grammatical units (Clauses, phrases, sentences)
- Grammatical operations (adding, shifting, joining, transforming elements)
- Lexical items (Function/structure words)
What defines the Functional Model?
- Language is seen as a vehicle of expression of functional meanings and allows real-world activities
Related to the concept of communicative competence. - More emphasis on the semantic and communicative dimension of language rather than grammatical aspects
- Communicative Language Teaching
- English for Specific Purpose
- Competency-Based Language Teaching
What defines the Interactional Model?
- Language is a vehicle for the realization of interpersonal relations and for the performance of social transactions between individuals and a tool for creation and maintenance of social relations
- Based on 2nd lg acquisition, interaction analysis and conversation analysis, etc.
- Task-based Language Teaching
What defines the Sociocultural Model?
- Language is seen as a communicative activity in which social context is central
- Knowledge is socially constructed through social interaction and reflects the learner’s culture, customs, beliefs, etc.
- Task-Based Language Teaching
- Content-Based instruction
- Cooperative Language Teaching
